Table 5.

Pharmacokinetic parameters of cyclovirobuxine D following oral administration to rabbits (mean ± SD, n=6)

Parameters	Market tablets	SNEDDS
AUC (ng⋅h/mL)	1,408.72±49.84	2,820.52±127.06a
Tmax (h)	3.56±0.12	2.87±0.13a
Cmax (ng/mL)	108.42±3.79	224.72±9.88a
ka (h−1)	0.373±0.02	0.459±0.02a
ke (h−1)	0.055±0.002	0.058±0.002
t1/2 (h)	12.65±0.56	11.94±0.33

Note:

^aSignificant differences with parameters obtained from market tablets.

Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; T_max, time to reach maximum plasma concentration; C_max, maximum plasma concentration; k_e, elimination rate; k_a, absorption rate; t_1/2, elimination half-life; SNEDDS, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system; SD, standard deviation.