TABLE 1.

ReSET study criteria

Inclusion

• Age (30–70) years

• One month of stable antihypertensive treatment with at least three antihypertensive agents including a diuretic (or in case of diuretics intolerance a minimum of three nondiuretic antihypertensive drugs)

• Daytime ABPM SBP ≥ 145 mmHg (preceded by 14 days of scheduled drug intake showing at least 85% adherence)

Exclusion

General

• Noncompliant personality (abuse and mental illness)

• Pregnancy/inadequate contraception in fertile women

• Known allergy to iodine-containing radiograph contrast agent

Comorbidity

• Secondary hypertension

• Malignant disease

• Congestive heart failure NYHA 3–4

• Chronic renal failure stage 4–5 (eGFR ≤ 30 ml/min per 1.73 m2)

• Stable angina pectoris CCS class 2–4

• Unstable angina pectoris

• Coronary artery disease with indication for coronary intervention

• Recent myocardial infarction or coronary intervention (<6 months)

• Permanent atrial fibrillation

• Orthostatic syncope (<6 months)

• Symptomatic peripheral artery disease

Paraclinical

• Clinically significant abnormal electrolytes and liver function tests

• Hemoglobin <7.0 mmol/l

• Abnormal thyroidea function

• Macroscopic hematuria

• ECG: atrioventricular block grades 2 and 3

Echocardiography

• Left ventricular ejection fraction <50%

• Significant valvular disease

Computed axial tomography angiography and selective angiography of renal arteries

• Pronounced calcification in iliaco-aortic or renal arteries

• Multiple renal arteries: accessory renal arteries estimated to carry more than 10% of the kidney's blood supply (small polar arteries accepted) and being undersized (see below) for ablation procedure

• Renal artery diameter <4 mm

• Renal artery length (from ostium to first major sidebranch) <20 mm

• Renal artery disease (stenosis, fibromuscular dysplasia, prior intervention and dissection)

ABPM, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.