Table 3.
Study outcomes measured in included human studies.
| Category | Outcome | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive function | Cognitive tests | Tests for general cognitive functioning, memory, executive functions, intelligence, attention, and sensorimotor performance |
| Brain structure | Whole brain volume and regional brain volumes | MRI: voxel based morphometry |
| Brain activity | Electroencephalography: event-related potentials | During a cognitive task or a sensory stimulus (sensory evoked potential) |
| Cerebral blood flow | Determined from MRI | |
| Apparent diffusion coefficients of white and gray matter | Acquired using an eight channel SENSE head coil | |
| Functional MRI: Cortical recruitment | Functional MRI during a cognitive task | |
| Blood markers | Serum IGF-1, BDNF, dopamine, epinephrine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor levels, and total antioxidant capacity | Blood samples (cephalic vein) |
| Metabolism | N-acetyl aspartate, creatine, choline, and myo-Inositol brain concentrations | 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
BDNF, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; IGF-1, Insulin like growth factor 1; MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging.