Table 1. Catalyst Discovery for an Enantioselective Heine Reaction^a.

entry	metal	ligand	conversion (%)b	ee (%)b
1	Cu(OTf)2	L1	12	28
2	La(OTf)3	L1	24	–33
3	Cu(OTf)2	L2	95	39
4	Cu(OTf)2	L3	93	82
5	Ni(OTf)2	L3	23	–35
6	Pd(OTf)2	L3	41	60
7	Pd(OTf)2	L4	29	85
8	Pd(OTf)2	L5	27	95
9	7	—	0	—
10	Pd(OTf)2	L6	33	92
11c	Pd(OTf)2	L6	79	94
12c	Pd(ClO4)2	L6	60	76
13	Pd(BF4)2	L6	0	—
14c,d	Pd(OTf)2	L6	89	88

^aReaction conditions: aziridine 5 (0.1 mmol) and 50 mg of 4 Å powdered molecular sieves were added to the preformed catalyst (0.01 mmol of metal and 0.012 mmol of ligand) in CH₂Cl₂ (0.2 M) at room temperature for 24 h.

^bDetermined by HPLC peak area ratios of 5 and 6 at 250 nm using the CHIRALCEL OJ column.

^cReaction solvent was toluene.

^dReaction performed with 5 mol % catalyst.