Fig. 3.

5mC heterogeneity. a Global heterogeneity per cell. Variance value was used to quantify the difference between a cell and its bulk across windows. Raw variance (x-axis) and noise (y-axis) estimated from downsampling bulk to single-cell equivalent were plotted. To test significance of difference in mean variance among groups, P values were obtained by using permutation tests of randomly resampled samples into the two groups for comparison. b Number of differentially methylated windows in fibroblasts and hepatocytes from young and old mice. Differentially methylated window (DMW) frequency was significantly higher in hepatocytes than in fibroblasts (P < 0.001, two-tailed t-test). The slightly higher DMW frequency in hepatocytes from aged mice was not significant. c 5mC heterogeneity in liver is highly dependent on sequence feature. CGI CpG island, LINE long interspersed nuclear element, LTR long terminal repeat, SINE short interspersed nuclear element, UTR untranslated region