Table 2.

Additional Quotes Organized by Research Question and Theme from the Qualitative Analysis of Sibling Edition Study Interviews

Theme	Example Quotes*
Research Question 1: How do Parents Describe their Approach to Feeding Siblings?
Theme 1: Decisions About How to Feed Siblings
Sibling Food Preferences	I'll say, ‘what are you guys feeling like for dinner?’... ‘what would you like me to pick up at the grocery store’ and they might say, ‘I'm feeling like sandwiches’ and I'll buy according to what they are saying. [White, father, 27 yrs.]
	I just go off of the food that they like, the stuff that I know they will eat the most of. If I notice some food is gone, and I just got it, that's the stuff I want to make sure I fix more of because I know they'll eat it and you know I won't have to worry about throwing away wasted food, yeah. [African American, mother, 32 yrs.]
	There's usually stuff on the table that I know they will eat. I think I kind of cater to everybody in the family when I cook. So I think Walter's food choices or Bai's food choices, mine or Serena's all kind of impact what I cook— I try to make sure that there's something that I know everyone is going to like. [White, father, 30 yrs.]
Planned Meals	Monday through Friday I make a list of what we will eat. Then I go shopping and we eat it for dinner... we always stick to it [the menu]. [White, mother, 27 yrs.]
	I pick out a meal that we're going to have the night before and during the week I shop each day for what I'm going to cook, and I'll just cook it, and I really don't have no complaints about what I cook for them, really because I think we all like the same things. [African American, mother, 29 yrs.]
In-the-Moment Decision	Whatever we feel like, yeah. I just want them to eat, first of all. I would like it to be something simple because I have to cook it, you know... we don't sit down and plan our meals for the week, we don't discuss what we are going to eat today. I still got to go to work, you know, it's a lot, and I have a boyfriend who don't eat nothing either. It's very chaotic. [Hispanic, mother, 35 yrs.]
	I don't decide [what to cook]. Whatever I'm in the mood to cook, I just cook. I don't decide nothing. If I want to cook at home, I'll cook at home or I'll be like, ‘I want to go out to eat. What do you all want?’ [African American, mother, 32 yrs.]
Theme 2: Food Control with Siblings
Pressure-to-Eat	I do try to force the milk, but they don't like milk. So I've kind of switched... trying to get them interested in chocolate milk, see if that will work. It works sometimes, sometimes it doesn't. [Hmong, mother, 31 yrs.]
	If my kids eat something that's not healthy, like a Hershey bar and then they have to eat a banana or something like that. [African American, father, 37 yrs.]
Restriction	They only get to eat sugar cereal on the weekends because during the week they need to eat their pancakes and sausages, you know... stuff that's fulfilling... so they get their Frosted Flakes on the weekends. [African American, mother, 25 yrs.]
	They only get milk or juice with each meal and then in between it's water. [White, mother, 33 yrs.]
Provide Opportunities for Healthful Eating	Well, whatever I cook I try to put you know some type of fruit or vegetable with it, just a basic balanced meal from the basic food groups. A meat, a vegetable, some type of starch, a salad maybe and some bread. [African American, mother, 26 yrs.]
	I guess I would just say more guidance kind of thing. I mean I don't, unless I see a problem, you know I don't feel I need to do anything other than like I say provide good choices. [White, mother, 28 yrs.]
Theme 3: Managing Picky Eating
Cook Only One Meal!	I'm the cook—I usually spend about an hour and a half in the kitchen making dinners so it comes to the point if you're not going to eat it, I'm not going back in there. [African American, father, 29 yrs.]
	They have to eat what we cook because if we let them, you know, slide or we cook a separate dish than they'll do that every time... we're pretty stubborn on that too. We just tell them flat out, this is what we made for dinner or lunch or breakfast, and you're going to have some. [White, mother, 33 yrs.]
	They all eat the same thing now. I used to make different meals for the kids but it took too much time and was really stressful for me... No, we don't do that, not anymore, not no 5 different meals going on. [African American, mother, 23 yrs.]
Give Some Leeway	Sometimes it happens, they're like, 'Mom, I really don't like that'. I'll say, 'this is dinner. You're going to be hungry. You need to eat at least 5 or 6 bites of something then you can make a sandwich or have a bowl of cereal.' [African American, mother, 28 yrs.]
	Ashley doesn't like corn, so we're going to have broccoli tonight, but Andy doesn't like tuna casserole so we'll have another kind of casserole you know... I'll kind of cater to that... make at least one thing each one will like. [White, mother, 32 yrs.]
Research Question #2: Do Parents Engage in Different Feeding Practices with Two Siblings?
Theme 1: Feed Siblings Different
	Yes, I feed them different because they have different personalities and food preferences... when we have tacos, Danny doesn't like his with cheese, or the lettuce or the tomato. So he's just more or less eating a taco shell and meat. And Raymond, he likes everything... it's work, but it's a lot of fun work, you know, and I just like to see them happy eating... it does my heart good, yeah. [African American, mother, 24 yrs.]
	There is no reason to feed them different... they need to eat the same kinds of food, so there is no excuse to feed them different meals. [African American, 39 yrs.]
Theme 2: Feed Siblings Similar
	Overall, I think I treat them both the same... If I make something new and one doesn't like it... I tell them both, at least try it. So one will say, 'Oh, why did Tim have to eat it all, now I have to eat it too'. [African American, 37 yrs.]
	I think one thing is you just got to make them all, you know when you tell them to eat, you got to talk to them like they're all on the same page. Because if you let Trevor slide, or Anthony slide, then the other kids they don't eat as much, or want to eat more. [Hispanic, mother, 30 yrs.]
Research Questions #3: Do Parents Engage in Different Feeding Practices Based on Child Characteristics (e.g., weight status, picky eating, age, gender)?
Theme 1: Adjust Parent Feeding Practices Based on Sibling Weight Status
Restriction and portion control feeding practices	I fix Max's plates because he will overeat, especially anything that's fried... he loves certain textures and fried foods like chicken. If you do not watch him, he will overeat it... So you actually have to watch him and make sure he don't sneak back in the kitchen, because he'll sneak back in the kitchen... I don't let him go back for thirds... because then it will be that chicken. I just say, 'cut it out, no, you can't have it. You're not getting thirds. If you want some more, you got to wait. If it's leftovers, you get it in the morning before you go to school but you're not getting no more tonight. It's done. Dinner is done. You can drink some water, eat a piece of fruit, that's it.’ You know, once it's done, it's done. You don't get no more. [African American, mother, 33 yrs.]
	She eats more than her sister. I try to cut her down. But sometimes she waits until I go somewhere and then she will eat. The hard part is that I get really mad because she thinks that I don't love her, but I worry about her weight because her weight is 2 times bigger than all of us. She's 150 pounds and it's hard for me to kind of watch her like that. [African American, mother, 35 yrs.]
	We do try to portion foods for Jerome because he's a little on the heavier side so we will pretty much cut him off... I feel bad because you know, I know he still wants to eat, but then you know he's had plenty already, because if he's eating as much as I am... then you know that's not good. The first bowl or plate that we give to him, we usually portion out for him. And you know, he has that look, like he wants some more... we usually have to cut him off, for his own good. [African American, mother, 31yrs.]
Pressure-to-eat parent feeding practices	She's tiny, you know. I tell her, 'Eat more. And drink more milk. You're tall and you will grow more.' I always try to encourage her [the smaller sibling]. Even if she says she's not hungry, I'll just be like 'Well, just eat a little bit.' [White, father, 38 yrs.]
	I say, 'Eat something! Eat something! No, you need to eat it, eat it all.' Because I don't think she eats enough, it's just little bits... and she is too skinny compared to her sister. [Hmong, mother, 34 yrs.]
Theme 2: No Adjusting of Parent Feeding Practices by Weight Status
	I don't feed my children differently... I just, you know... I let them eat until they're full, as long as I can actually see they're not overdoing it. [White, mother, 36 yrs.]
	One is bigger and one is smaller, you can see my youngest is kind of healthier than my oldest daughter, but I don't feed them no different. [African American, mother, 29 yrs.]
	If one was bigger than the other one and I feel that she eat too much, you know, I wouldn't say nothing to her... or feed her differently. [White, mother, 33 yrs.]
Theme 3: Adjust Parent Feeding Practices According to Sibling Age/Developmental Stage
	I'll give Jeffery a little smaller portions than Harvey because he's younger, and then if they are still hungry, they're welcome to get some more. And if they're not, they don't. [White, mother, 35 yrs.] No, Natalie, she eats way smaller than the older two because she is younger... I feed her smaller amounts too because she is younger and doesn't need as much of them [older siblings]. [African American, mother, 36 yrs.]
	But you know I try to keep the portion sizes under control, like I said, paying attention to when they're having growth spurts. [White, mother, 36 yrs.]
	I give them all portions that I know will match their age. [Native American, mother, 32 yrs.]

^*All names have been changed to protect participant confidentiality.