Table 1.
Recently reported electrochemical biosensors for the detection of alanine aminotransferase and their figures of merit.
| No. | Electrode/size (mm2) | EC Method | Modification & Enzyme Layers | Selectivity | Response Time (s) | Sensitivity | LOD/range | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | O2 electrode/490.9 | CPA | Tf, porous AC & PyOx | NA | 120 | NA | 0.5/0.5–180 U/L | [24] |
| 2 | Pt/50.3 | CPA | PVC, CA & PyOx | NA | 60 | 1.46 × 10−5 nA/(s·U/L·mm2) | 5/5–1600 U/L | [16] |
| 3 | BIA membrane/28.3 | CPA | PyOx only | NA | 240 | NA | 3/6–30000 U/L | [14] |
| 4 | PAC/1.77 | CPA | PC & GlutOx | NA | 300 | 3.77 nA/(s·U/L·mm2) | 5/5–500 U/L | [17] |
| 5 | Pt/0.05 | CPA | CA, immobilon IA membrane, PC & GlutOx | AA, UA | 300 | NA | 2/5–1200 U/L | [18] |
| 6 | Au/7.85 × 10−3 | DPV | LDH only | NA | NA | 0.122 nA/(s·U/L·mm2) | 0.3/0.3–200 U/L | [21] |
| 7 | Au/19.63 | ChA | SAM mediator-coated layer, anti-ALT Ab & PyOx | NA | NA | 26.3 nA/(ng/mL) | 0.01/0.01–1000 ng/mL | [22] |
| 8 | Pt/0.15 | CPA | GlutOx only | NA | NA | NA | 11/11–88 U/L | [25] |
| 9 | Pt/50.5 | CPA | Nanoporous Si & GlutOx | NA | 20 | 2.69 nA/(U/L·mm2) | 1.3/1.3–250 U/L | [26] |
| 10 | Pt/0.15 | CPA | GlutOx only | AA, UA | 600 | NA | 9/ 9–250 U/L | [27] |
| 11 | Pd/4.8 | CPA | Nf & GlutOx | AA, UA | 120 | 2.07 × 10−3 nA/(s·U/L·mm2) | 8/ 8–250 U/L | [28] |
| 12 | Pt/5.5 | CPA | Nf, mediated medium & GlutOx | NA | 180 | 0.153 nA/(U/L·mm2) | 3.29/ 10–1000 U/L | [3] |
| 13 | Graphite/28.3 | CV | P4AP & PyOx | AA, UA, Glut, Glu | 200 | NA | 2.68×10−5/ 3 × 10−5–3 U/L | [23] |
| 14 | Pt/0.401 | CPA | Ppy, Nf & GlutOx | AA, DA | 60 | 1.908 × 10−5 nA/(s·U/L·mm2) | 15.9/40–900 U/L | This work a |
| 15 | Pt/0.401 | CPA | Ppy, Nf & GlutOx | AA, DA | 5 | 0.059 nA/(U/L·mm2) | 8.48/10–900 U/L | This work b |
Abbreviations: Ab (antibody); AC (acetyl-cellulose); BIA (biodyne immunoaffinity); CA (cellulose acetate); ChA (chronoamperometry); CPA (constant potential amperometry); CV (cyclic voltammetry); DPV (differential pulse voltammetry; EC (electrochemical); Glu (glucose); Glut (glutamate); IA (immunoaffinity); NA (not available); Nf (Nafion); P4AP (poly(4-aminophenol)); PAC (platinized activated carbon); PC (polycarbonate); PVC (polyvinyl chloride); SAM (self-assembled monolayer); Tf (Teflon). Superscriptions: a Method 1; b Method 2.