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. 2016 May 30;118(1):135–148. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcw072

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© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 3. — Non-metric multidemsional scaling (nMDS) of floral scent projected in two-dimensional space using the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity metric implemented using the R software package ‘ecodist’. The stress value reported was calculated using the nMDS algorithm in ‘ecodist’. (A) Plotted results of nMDS analysis using a sub-set of species (n = 12). Coloured symbols represent separate species. (B) Plotted results of nMDS analysis of Gongora pleiochroma individuals. Ellipses correspond to the three chemical phenotypes that differ in the relative contribution of cis-β-ocimene, linalool and β-bisabolene to the overall floral scent bouquet. (C) Plotted results of nMDS analysis of La Gamba Gongora. Groupings correspond to three identified chemotypes – A, M and S – characterized by cis- and trans-methyl methoxycinnamate (MMC), terpinen-4-ol and unidentified compound #51, respectively. (D) Bipartite network showing bee–orchid associations between the three chemotypes of La Gamba Gongora and nine species of euglossine bees observed actively collecting floral scent from the flowers. Bee species marked with an asterisk indicate species observed carrying Gongora pollinaria at chemical baits (S. R. Ramírez unpubl. res.).