Fig. 11.

Success through various modes of reproduction in E. aphyllum. Because embryogenesis starts from zygotes or zygote-like structures, the proportions of these structures are shown for each individual experiment. A low appearance of autonomously formed structures (putative apomixis) per 938 analysed ovules from day 4 to 16 contrasts with the high percentage of zygotes from both induced autogamy and open pollination. The origin of the structures listed in natural autogamy (sensu stricto) may be either sexual or parthenogenetic.