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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 6.

Published in final edited form as: Histopathology. 2011 Jun;58(7):1037–1047. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03860.x

Table 3. Differential expression of the biomarkers in relation to Gleason score (GS).

Location	Biomarker	Gleason score (GS)			SD between patients	SD within patients	P-value (GS2 versus GS1)	P-value (GS2 versus GS3)	P-value (GS3 versus GS1)

		GS1 [6 and 7 (3+4)]	GS2 [7 (4+3)]	GS3 (8 and 9)
Epithelium	Shh^*	8.6	7.5	7.6	2.1	1.8	0.044	0.746	0.04
	SMO^*	9.3	8.4	9.5	1.3	1.4	0.05	0.04	0.558
	Ptch^*	1.3	2.6	3.2	2.2	1.8	0.017	0.337	<0.001
	Gli^*	6.7	7.5	7.2	2.8	1.5	0.243	0.658	0.344
	ki67^**	1.1	1	4.6	6.8	3	0.973	0.306	0.368
	VEGF^*	8.1	7.1	7.2	2.4	2	0.117	0.87

Stroma	Shh^*	1.2	1	0.9	0.5	0.6	0.279	0.587	0.04
	SMO^*	4.5	4.4	3.9	2.1	1.7	0.794	0.379	0.154
	Ptch^*	8.3	7.8	7.2	1.2	1.5	0.102	0.068	<0.001
	Gli^*	4	4.4	3.9	2	1.9	0.537	0.337	0.685
	VEGF^*	2.7	2.4	1.8	1.1	1.2	0.416	0.039	<0.001
	CD31^***	18	25	21	7.3	7.4	<0.001	0.054	0.04

^*

11-point scale system.

^**

Percentage of positive cells.

^***

CD31-positive vessels per core.

SD: standard deviation; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.