Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the participants.

	2009 (n = 13,500)	2010 (n = 14,472)	2011 (n = 15,136)	2012 (n = 14,713)	p-value
Sex (%)
Women	9,588 (71.0%)	9,618 (66.5%)	9,969 (65.9%)	9,595 (65.2%)	<0.001
Men	3,912 (29.0%)	4,854 (33.5%)	5,164 (34.1%)	5,118 (34.8%)
Median age [IQR]	30 [21; 49]	30 [20; 50]	31 [20; 51]	30 [19; 51]	0.8
HIV and ART status
HIV-	7,760 (56.8%)	9,171 (63.4%)	9,014 (59.6%)	7,422 (50.5%)	<0.001
HIV+, not on ART	1,706 (12.6%)	2,051 (14.2%)	1,934 (12.8%)	1,600 (10.9%)
HIV+, on ART	635 (4.7%)	854 (5.9%)	1,068 (7.1%)	1,336 (9.1%)
HIV status unknown	3,489 (25.8%)	2,396 (16.6%)	3,120 (20.6%)	4,355 (29.6%)
ART coverage (95% CI)	27.2% (25.4%; 29.0%)	29.4% (27.7%; 31.1%)	35.6% (33.9%; 37.3%)	45.5% (43.7%; 47.3%)	<0.001
Clinic visit in last 6 m (%)
Yes	5,819 (43.6%)	6,851 (47.3%)	7,759 (51.3%)	7,300 (49.6%)	<0.001
No	6,903 (51.1%)	7,586 (52.4%)	7,341 (48.5%)	7,379 (50.2%)
Missing	706 (5.2%)	35 (0.2%)	36 (0.2%)	34 (0.2%)
Hospitalization rate per 1000 PY (95% CI)	87.3 (78.4; 96.1)	62.6 (57.8; 67.4)	61.4 (56.8; 65.9)	45.9 (41.7; 50.2)	<0.001
Area of residence
Rural	7,996 (60.0%)	8,485 (58.9%)	8,882 (58.9%)	8,572 (58.3%)	<0.001
Peri-urban	3,392 (25.5%)	4,409 (30.6%)	4,580 (30.4%)	5,126 (35.9%)
Urban	595 (4.5%)	704 (4.9%)	773 (5.1%)	933 (6.3%)
Outside DSA	1,340 (10.1%)	808 (5.6%)	855 (5.7%)	74 (0.5%)