Table 1.
Common causes of SMN and routine tests to rule out these possible conditions
| Causes | Tests | |
|---|---|---|
| Autoimmune diseases | lupus nephritis | ANA, ENA, C3, C4 |
| rheumatoid arthritis | rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP | |
| Infections | HBV | HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs |
| HCV | anti-HCV, HCV RNAa | |
| HIV | HIV screeningb | |
| Medications | NSAIDs | medication review |
| classic: gold, penicillamine, captopril | ||
| recent: anti-TNF-ɑ | ||
| Malignancyb | lung | low-dose chest CT |
| prostate | PSA | |
| colon | FOBT, colonoscopy | |
| breast | mammogram, US | |
| plasma cell dyscrasias | SPEP, serum FLC | |
ANA = Antinuclear antibody; ENA = extractable nuclear antigens antibodies; CCP = cyclic citrullinated peptide; HBV = hepatitis B virus; HCV = hepatitis C virus; HBsAG = hepatitis B surface antigen; anti-HBc = hepatitis B core antibody; anti-HBs = hepatitis B surface antibody; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; NSAIDs = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; TNF = tumor necrosis factor; CT = computerized tomography; PSA = prostate-specific antigen; FOBT = fecal occult blood test; US = ultrasonography; SPEP = serum protein electrophoresis; FLC = free light chains.
If anti-HCV antibodies are positive.
Recommendations are under review by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and specific recommendations from local authorities should be followed.