Table 2.

Comparison of PD-related peritonitis rates and PD technique survival

Country	Reference	Number of cases	Time of review	Peritonitis rate1	Common causative organisms	Technique survival
Hong Kong	Ho et al. [22]	3,573	1999–2011	35.8	Staphylococcus (48.2%)	5 years: 31.3%
					Pseudomonas (35.8%)	10 years: 3.1%
					culture-negative (11.1%)	15–20 years: 0.7%
Australia	McDonald and Hurst [23]	5,515	2007–2011	20	Gram-positive (53.4%): CoNS, S. aureus, Streptococci	1 year: 85.0%
						3 years: 54.5%
					Gram-negative (23.6%): E. coli, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella	5 years: 36.5%
New Zealand	McDonald and Hurst [23]	1,756	2007–2011	19.4	n.a.	1 year: 91.0%
						3 years: 66.5%
						5 years: 44.5%
Korea	Han et al. [40]	1,656	1981–2005	31.6	Gram-positive (42.6%): Staphylococcus (35.2%)	1 year: 94.9%
					Gram-negative (17%): E. coli, Pseudomonas culture negative (37.3%)	3 years: 83.7%
						5 years: 71.9%
						10 years: 48.1%
Japan	Mizuno et al. [41]	561	2005–2008	42.8	Gram-positive (42.7%): Staphylococcus (21.5%), Streptococcus (12.8%), culture-negative (32.0%)	n.a.
Japan	Nakamoto et al. [55]	5,391	2003	n.a.		10% dropout rate/year
Taiwan	Hsieh et al. [56]	391	2001–2010	61.2	Gram-positive (42.8%): Streptococcus > Staphylococcus	n.a.
					Gram-negative (29%): Pseudomonas > Acinetobacter
India	Vikrant [10]	60	2002–2011	30.6	Significant tuberculosis and fungal peritonitis risks	1 year: 77%
						2 years: 53%
						3 years: 25%
						4 years: 15%
						5 years: 10%
India	Abraham et al. [28]	309	1999–2004	30		1 year: 98.6%
						5 years: 93.3%
						10 years: 86.6%
China	Zhang et al. [27]	421	2001–2011	62.9	Gram-positive (21.1%)	1 year: 86.7%
					Gram-negative (18.4%): fungi (13%), culture-negative (47.5%)
						3 years: 68.8%
						5 years: 55.7%
						10 years: 37.4%
Thailand	Dhanakijcharoen et al. [20]	12,753	2008–2011	25.8	n.a.	1 year: 92%
						2 years: 85%
						3 years: 80%

CoNS = Coagulase-negative staphylococci; n.a. = not assessed.

¹Patient-months per episode.