Table 2.

Prevalence of geriatric impairments

Impairment and Authors	Test	Prevalence, %	Cutoff	Scale	Test	Elderly
Mood disturbance
Diefenthaeler et al. (27)	BDI	55	≥14	0–63	S
Lacson et al. (35,36)	Depression score	41	>2	0–6	P
Genestier et al. (29)	Depression ICD	28			R	x
Chilcot et al. (23)	BDI	26	≥16	0–63	S
Chilcot et al. (23)	Depression ICD	15			R
Boulware et al. (20)	MHI SF-36	24	≤52	0–100	P
Soucie et al. (41)	Depression ICD	18			R
Thamer et al. (42)	Depression ICD	10			R	x
McClellan et al. (39)	Depression ICD	4			R
Cognitive impairment
Arai et al. (18)	Dementia ICD	41			R	x
Jassal et al. (31)	Mental score	36a; 7b	<8	0–10	S	x
Genestier et al. (29)	Dementia ICD	13			R	x
Rakowski et al. (40)	Dementia ICDc	12			R
Thamer et al. (42)	Dementia ICD	6			R	x
Couchoud et al. (25)	Behavioral disordersd	5			R	x
Couchoud et al. (26)	Behavioral disordersd	4			R	x
Immobility
Arai et al. (18)	Japanese criteria	33	≥3	1–8	S	x
Couchoud et al. (25)	Assistance for transfers	25			R	x
Couchoud et al. (25)	Dependent for transfers	7			R	x
Couchoud et al. (26)	Assistance for transfers	22			R	x
Couchoud et al. (26)	Dependent for transfers	8			R	x
Rakowski et al. (40)	Unable to ambulate	5			R
Rakowski et al. (40)	Unable to transfer	2			R
ADLs
Genestier et al. (29)	ADL scale	30	≥7	0–12	S	x
Thamer et al. (42)	ADL: dependent	21			R	x
Frailty
Bao et al. (19)	Modified Fried score	73	≥2	0–3	P
Johansen et al. (32)	Modified Fried score	68	≥3	0–5	P
Alfaadhel et al. (17)	Clinical frailty score	26	≥5	1–7	P
Malnutrition
Churchill et al. (43)	SGA (mild to severe)	55	≤5	7–0	S
Chan et al. (21)	SGA (idem)	52	B and C	A–C	S
Chung et al. (24)	SGA (idem)	47	≤5	7–0	S
Kim et al. (34)	SGA (idem)	42	≤5	7–0	S	x
Honda et al. (30)	SGA (idem)	32	≥2	1–4	S

	Test	Mild to Severe Prevalence Cutoff		Severe Prevalence Cutoff		Scale	Test	Elderly
		%	Νο.	%	Νο.
Impaired performance
Joly et al. (33)	Karnofsky	69	≤70	22	≤40	10–100	S	x
Chandna et al. (22)	Karnofsky	54	≤70	33	≤40	10–100	C
Churchill et al. (43)	Karnofsky	41	≤70	—	—	10–100	S
Soucie et al. (41)	Karnofskye	49	<7	18	<6	1–10	S
Mauri et al. (38)	Karnofskye	42	<80	13	<70	10–100	C
McClellan et al. (39)	Karnofskye	37	<7	20	<6	1–10	S
Kim et al. (34)	Karnofsky	24	≤70	—	—	10–100	S	x
Chilcot et al. (23)	Karnofsky	15	<70	—	—	10–100	S
Genestier et al. (29)	AGGIR	48	≤4	28	≤2	1–6	S
Doi et al. (28)	WHO scale	—	—	23	≥3	0–4	C

Prevalence of impairment. If necessary for comparison, the combined prevalence of two separate categories is shown (e.g., severely dependent and dependent for ADLs). Of all of the studies that applied a systematic assessment, the scale and cutoff values are reported. BDI, Beck Depression Inventory, S, applied by staff; P, patient self-report; ICD, International Statistical Classification of Diseases; R, review of medical chart; x, analysis includes elderly patients exclusively; MHI SF-36, Mental Health Inventory Short Form 36; ADL, activity of daily living; SGA, Subjective Global Assessment; A, well nourished; B, mild-moderately malnourished; C, severely malnourished; —, not mentioned; AGGIR, Autonomie Gérontologique Groupes Iso-Ressources; WHO, World Health Organization.

^aAge ≥65 years old.

^bAge <65 years old.

^cAlzheimer disease, vascular dementia, dementia not otherwise specified, or presenile dementia.

^dDementia, psychosis, or severe neurosis that may affect patient dependence or compliance with treatment.

^eModification of the Karnofsky Index (39).