Table 1. PERMANOVA for the spatiotemporal effects of the Maule earthquake on intertidal sandy-shore assemblages.

The analyses were conducted on a Euclidean distance matrix for species richness and total abundance, and on a Bray-Curtis resemblance matrix of species abundances for community structure. The analysis was performed using Time (four sampling times: February 2010, March 2010, September 2010, and March 2011) and Area (two areas: Rupture and Control) as fixed factors, and Site (three sites located within each area) as random factor nested in Area. CV% = Components of variation.

		Species richness			Total abundance			Community structure
Source of variation	df	pseudoF	Pperm	CV%	pseudoF	Pperm	CV%	pseudoF	Pperm	CV%
Time	3	5.65	0.015	10.53	1.77	0.209	2.37	2.43	0.027	3.44
a[Before vs. After]	1	4.69	0.099	10.32	0.12	0.754	0.00	2.63	0.094	2.42
Area	1	0.01	0.924c	0.00	0.11	0.752c	0.00	1.00	0.431c	0.00
Site(Area)	4	9.11	<0.001	7.81	12.87	<0.001	25.23	22.29	<0.001	14.48
b[L vs C-H(Area)]	1	21.51	<0.001	14.17	0.01	0.916	0.00	51.18	<0.001	25.12
Time×Area	3	0.22	0.876	0.00	2.64	0.095	10.02	1.19	0.321	0.90
a[Before vs. After] × Area	1	0.28	0.633	0.00	1.65	0.265	2.17	0.74	0.603	0.00
Time×Site(Area)	12	3.52	<0.001	9.73	2.16	0.019	9.86	5.30	<0.001	11.70
a[Before vs. After] × Site(Area)	4	4.96	0.001	13.37	1.36	0.248	2.63	2.92	<0.001	5.84
bTime × [L vs. C-H(Area)]	3	6.37	0.001	14.84	1.49	0.222	5.21	12.24	<0.001	22.50
Residual	96			19.24			42.52			13.60

^aTemporal independent contrast: before (February 2010) vs. after (March 2010-September 2010-March 2011) the Maule earthquake.

^bSpatial independent contrast: Llico (Ll) vs. Cocholgüe-Hualpén (C-H) within the impacted area.

^cP-value derived from Monte-Carlo simulations (P_MC).