Table 1.

Marine Compounds with Antibacterial, Anticoagulant, Antifungal, Antimalarial, Antiplatelet, Antituberculosis, and Antiviral Activities

Drug class	Compound/organisma	Chemistry	Pharmacologic activity	MMOAb	Countryc	References
Antibacterial	Acetylenic acid/sponge	Fatty acidd	Gram-positive and negative inhibition	Undetermined	JPN, NETH	Matsunaga et al., 2000
Antibacterial	Discorhabdin R/sponge	Alkaloidf	Gram-positive and negative inhibition	Undetermined	AUS	Ford and Capon et al. 2000
Anticoagulant	Fucoidan/alga	Sulfated Polysaccharideg	Inhibition of microvascular thrombus	No effect on P- and L-selectin	SWE, GER	Thorlacius et al., 2000
Anticoagulant	Proteoglycan/alga	Polysaccharideg	Anticoagulant	Inhibition of thrombin and potentiation of antithrombin III	JPN	Matsubara, 2000
Anticoagulant	Sulfated D-galactan/alga	Sulfated Polysaccharideg	Anticoagulant	Inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa	BRA	Farias et al., 2000
Antifungal	Lyngbyabellin B/bacterium	Depsipeptidef	C. albicans inhibition	Undetermined	USA	Milligan et al., 2000
Antifungal	Naamine D/sponge	Alkaloidf	C. neoformans inhibition	Nitric oxide inhibition	USA, NZ	Dunbar et al., 2000
Antimalarial	Ascosalipyrrolidinone A/fungus	Polyketided	P. falciparum inhibition	p56lck tryrosine kinase inhibition	GER, SWI	Osterhage et al., 2000
Antimalarial	Homofascaplysin A & fascaplysin/sponge	Sesterterpenee	P. falciparum inhibition	Undetermined	GER, SWZ	Kirsch et al., 2000
Antimalarial	Manzamine A/sponge	Alkaloidf	In vivo P. berghei inhibition	Undetermined	SING, JPN, USA	Ang et al., 2000
Antiplatelet	Eryloside F/sponge	Sterol glycosidee	Platelet aggregation inhibition	Thrombin receptor antagonist	USA, UK	Stead et al., 2000
Antituberculosis	Axisonitrile-3/sponge	Sesquiterpenee	M. tuberculosis inhibition	Undetermined	GER	Konig et al., 2000
Antituberculosis	Elisapterosin B/soft coral	Diterpenee	M. tuberculosis inhibition	Undetermined	USA	Rodriguez et al., 2000
Antiviral	Cyclodidemniserinol trisulfate/ascidian	Polyketided	In vitro HIV infection inhibition	HIV-1 integrase inhibition	USA	Mitchell et al., 2000
Antiviral	Dragmacidin F/sponge	Alkaloidf	In vitro HSV-1 and HIV-1 inhibition	Undetermined	ITA	Cutignano et al., 2000
Antiviral	Lobohedleolide, 17-dimethylamino/soft coral	Diterpenee	In vitro HIV infection inhibition	Undetermined	USA	Rashid et al., 2000
Antiviral	Mololipids/sponge	Alkaloidf	In vitro HIV-1 infection inhibition	Undetermined	USA	Ross et al., 2000

^aKingdom Animalia: brittle star and cucumber (phylum Echinodermata), clam and mussel (phylum Mollusca), sponge (phylum Porifera), tunicate (phylum Chordata). Kingdom Fungi: fungus; Kingdom Plantae: alga; Kingdom Monera: bacterium (phylum Cyanobacteria).

^bMMOA is molecular mechanism of action.

^cAUS is Australia; BRA, Brazil; GER, Germany; ITA, Italy; JPN, Japan; NETH, The Netherlands; NZ, NewZealand; SING, Singapore; SWE, Sweden; SWZ, Switzerland; UK, United Kingdom.

^dPolyketides;

^eTerpene;

^fNitrogen-containing compound;

^gPolysaccharide.