Table 3.

Marine Compounds with Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action

Compound/organisma	Chemistry	Pharmacologic activity	MMOAb	Countryc	References
Adociasulfate 10/sponge	Sulfated triterpenee	Undetermined	Kinesin motor inhibition	USA	Blackburn et al., 2000
Agelasine F/sponge	Alkaloidf	Antituberculosis activity	Undetermined	PHIL, USA	Mangalindan et al., 2000
Anthraquinone/betaenone/fungus	Polyketided	Undetermined	Protein kinase inhibition	GER	Brauers et al., 2000
B-5354c/bacterium	Alkaloidf	Undetermined	Sphingosine kinase inhibition	JPN	Kono et al., 2000
Bisprasin/sponge	Alkaloidf	In vitro sketeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum assay	Ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release induction	JPN	Suzuki et al., 2000
Ceratospongamide/alga-sponge	Depsipeptidef	Undetermined	Secretory Phospholipase A2 expression inhibition	USA	Tan et al., 2000
5α-Cholest-7-en-3β-ol/starfish	Sterole	Antigenotoxic and mutagenic	Undetermined	S.KOR	Han et al., 2000
Clavosines A & B/sponge	Polyketided	Undetermined	Protein phosphatase-1 inhibition	USA, CAN	McCready et al., 2000
Dysidotronic acid/sponge	Diterpenee	Undetermined	Phospholipase A2 inhibition	ITA, FRA, SPA	Giannini et al., 2000
Equistatin/sea anemone	Proteinf	In vitro inhibition of papain and cathepsin D	Characterization of cysteine proteinase inhibitory domains	SLOV, NETH	Strukelj et al., 2000
Fascaplysin/sponge	Alkaloidf	In vitro cyclin-dependent kinase assays	Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 catalytic subunit inhibition	SWZ	Soni et al., 2000
Hymenialdisine/sponge	Alkaloidf	In vitro and In vivo inhibition of protein phosphorylation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 inhibition	FRA, GER, UK, USA	Meijer et al., 2000
Jasplakinolide/sponge	Peptidef	Apoptosis	Caspase-3-like protease dependent pathway	JPN, USA	Odaka et al., 2000
Latrunculin A/sponge	Polyketided	Antiprion effect	Actin cytoskeleton inhibition	USA	Bailleul-Winslett et al., 2000
Latrunculin-B/sponge	Polyketided	In vivo antiglaucoma assay	G-actin sequestration	ISR, USA	Peterson et al., 2000
Microginins/bacterium	Peptidef	Undetermined	Zinc metalloproteases inhibition	JPN	Ishida et al., 2000
Miraziridine A/sponge	Peptidef	Undetermined	Cathepsin B inhibition	JPN	Nakao et al., 2000a
Penarolide sulfates A1 & A2 sponge	Lipopeptidef	Undetermined	A-glucosidase inhibition	JPN, NETH	Nakao et al., 2000b
Phomopsidin/fungus	Polyketided	Undetermined	Microtubule assembly inhibition	JPN	Namikoshi et al., 2000
Pyridinium alkaloids/sponge	Alkaloidf	Undetermined	Phospholipase A2 inhibition	ITA, FRA, SPA	De Marino et al., 2000
Scalarane & homoscalarane/nudibranchs	Sesquiterpenese	Undetermined	Phospholipase A2 inhibition	ITA, FRA, SPA	Fontana et al., 2000
Sphingosines/tunicate	Fatty acidd	Undetermined	Phospholipase A2 inhibition	FRA	Loukaci et al., 2000
Stelliferins/sponge	Triterpenese	In vitro cytotoxicity and morphology assays	Undetermined	JPN	Oku et al., 2000
Sterols/sponge	Sterolse	Undetermined	Interleukin 8 receptor antagonist	AUS	Leone et al., 2000
Turbotoxins A & B/gastropod	Alkaloidf	Undetermined	Acetylcholinesterase inhibition	JPN	Kigoshi et al., 2000

^aKingdom Animalia: anemones, corals and hydroids (phylum Cnidaria), mollusk (phylum Mollusca), sea cucumber (phylum Echinodermata), sponge (phylum Porifera), Kingdom Fungi: fungus. Kingdom Plantae: alga; Kingdom Monera: bacterium (phylum Cyanobacteria).

^bMMOA is molecular mechanism of action.

^cAUS is Australia; CAN, Canada; FRA, France; GER, Germany; ISR, Israel; ITA, Italy; JPN, Japan; NETH, The Netherlands; PHIL, Phillipines; S.KOR, South Korea; SLO, Slovenia; SPA, Spain; SWZ, Switzerland; UK, United Kingdom.

^dPolyketides.

^eTerpenes.

^fNitrogen-containing compounds.