Table 2.
Details and methodological quality of selected studies
| Studies | Design | Participants | n | Question relevance | Methodological quality assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breivik et al1 | Observational survey | Adult general population aged ≥18 years | 4,839 | Activities of daily living, work, costs | Low |
| Langley et al2 | Cross-sectional study. Internet survey | Adult general population | 5,039 | Quality of life, health care system, work | Medium |
| Leadley et al3 | Review | – | – | Costs | – |
| Dueñas et al4 | Cross-sectional nationwide study | Adult general population aged ≥18 years | 1,957 | Activities of daily living, family, work | High |
| Closs et al5 | Qualitative study, focus groups | Adults patients with neuropathic pain | 11 | Family, social, and working relations | Low |
| Ojeda et al6 | Cross-sectional nationwide study | Adult general population aged ≥18 years | 1,957 | Family | High |
| Reid et al8 | Review of primary studies or systematic reviews | – | – | Quality of life, costs | – |
| Langley et al9 | Cross-sectional study. Internet survey | Adult general population | 5,039 | Quality of life, health care system | Medium |
| Miro et al10 | Cross-sectional survey | Population aged over 65 years | 592 | Activities of daily living | Medium |
| Bassols et al11 | Cross-sectional study. Telephone survey | Adults general population | 1,964 | Health care system | Medium |
| Blyth et al12 | Cross-sectional study. Telephone survey | Chronic pain patients aged ≥18 years | 484 | Work, disability | High |
| Langley et al13 | Cross-sectional study. Internet survey | Adult general population | 5,039 | Quality of life, health care system | Medium |
| Langleyet al14 | Cross-sectional study. Internet survey | Adult general population | 5,039 | Work | Medium |
| Smith et al15 | Cross-sectional survey | General population aged over 25 years | 3,605 | Physical activity | Medium |
| Nakamura et al72 | Cross-sectional study. Internet survey | Adult general population aged ≥18 years | 11,507 | Activities of daily living, quality of life, and social relations | Low |
| Dansie and Turk16 | Narrative review | – | – | Physical activities, quality of life | – |
| Lerman et al18 | Longitudinal study | Adult chronic pain patients | 428 | Disability | Medium |
| Azevedo et al19 | Cross-sectional nationwide study | Adult general population aged ≥18 years | 5,094 | Disability, work | High |
| Jones et al20 | Cross-sectional study. Internet survey | Women with fibromyalgia aged 31–78 years | 1,735 | Activities of daily living, physical activities | Medium |
| McBeth et al21 | Prospective population-based cohort study | Chronic widespread pain patients aged 25–65 years | 3,315 | Physical activity, quality of life | Medium |
| Amris et al22 | Cross-sectional study | Adult women with chronic widespread pain | 257 | Activities of daily living | High |
| Rivera and Gonzalez42 | Validation study | Women with fibromyalgia aged 18–65 years | 102 | Physical activity, work | Medium |
| Boonen et al23 | Follow-up study, randomized trials | Adults with fibromyalgia, chronic low back pain, or ankylosing spondylitis | 291 | Health care system, costs | High |
| Donmez et al73 | Experimental, intervention | Adult women with fibromyalgia | 30 | Physical activity, work | Low |
| van Weering et al24 | Cross-sectional study | Chronic low back pain patients aged 18–65 years | 52 | Activities of daily living | Medium |
| Stewart et al25 | Cross-sectional study | Working adult patients with pain | 28,902 | Work | High |
| Gerstle et al74 | Descriptive correlational research | Adults with chronic nonmalignant pain | 36 | Quality of life | Low |
| Carmona et al26 | Observational survey | General population aged ≥20 years | 2,192 | Physical activity, quality of life, health care system and social relations | High |
| Campos and Vazquez27 | Cross-sectional study | Adult women with fibromyalgia | 76 | Quality of life | Medium |
| Lopez-Silva et al28 | Cross-sectional study | Primary care patients aged >18 years | 170 | Quality of life, work, costs | Low |
| Garcia-Campayo et al29 | Cross-sectional nationwide study | Primary care patients | 1,150 | Quality of life, health care system | High |
| Davies et al30 | Cross-sectional study | Adult population | 269 | Quality of life | Medium |
| Tuzun31 | Narrative review | – | – | Quality of life, work, family | – |
| O’Brien et al32 | Prospective study | Female with chronic pain | 22 | Sleep | Medium |
| Quartana et al33 | Cross-lagged panel analysis | Adult patients with temporomandibular joint disorders | 53 | Sleep | High |
| Català et al34 | Epidemiological observational population-based cross-sectional study | Adult general population ≥18 years | 5,000 | Activities of daily living | Medium |
| Kovacs et al35 | Longitudinal/cohort study | Workers patients with low back pain | 165 | Work, disability, quality of life | Medium |
| Ubago Linares et al36 | Cross-sectional survey | Fibromyalgia patients | 214 | Work, physical activity | Medium |
| Patel et al37 | Systematic review of observational studies | – | – | Work | – |
| Breivik et al38 | Review | – | – | Health care system, quality of life, work physical activity | – |
| Tornero et al39 | Cross-sectional | Working population | 6,264 | Work, costs | Medium |
| Liedberg and Henriksson75 | Qualitative study, interviews | Adult women with fibromyalgia | 39 | Work | Low |
| Costa-Black et al40 | Review | – | – | Work | – |
| Watson et al41 | Follow-up study | Working population | 2,291 | Work, costs | Medium |
| Sicras-Mainar et al43 | Cross-sectional study | Fibromyalgia patients | 1,081 | Health care system, costs | High |
| Salido et al76 | Cross-sectional study | Adult women with fibromyalgia | 51 | Work | Low |
| Collado et al44 | Epidemiological study | Fibromyalgia patients aged 16–64 years | 325 | Family, work | High |
| McCluskey et al45 | Qualitative study, interviews | Claimants and significant others | – | Family | Low |
| Porter et al46 | Cross-sectional study | Patients with osteoarthritis and their partners | 38 | Family | Low |
| Moulin et al47 | Observational survey | Adult general population | 2,012 | Family, work, social relations | Medium |
| Hill et al48 | Observational survey | General population aged ≥15 years | 3,001 | Quality of life | Medium |
| Tuzun et al49 | Cross-sectional study | Fibromyalgia patients, myofascial pain syndrome patients, and controls | 99 | Quality of life | Medium |
| Henwood and Ellis50 | Qualitative study, focus groups | Adult patients with chronic neuropathic pain | 24 | Physical activities, activities of daily living | Low |
| da Cruz et al51 | Cross-sectional study | Caregivers of patients with chronic pain | 30 | Family | Low |
| Bigatti and Cronan52 | Cross-sectional study | Spouses of fibromyalgia patients and spouses of controls | 288 | Family, quality of life, health care system | Medium |
| Neumann and Buskila77 | Cross-sectional study | Relatives of fibromyalgia women and relatives of controls | 118/124 | Family, quality of life, physical activities | Low |
| Söderberg et al78 | Qualitative study, interviews | Husband of fibromyalgia patients | 5 | Family | Low |
| Miller and Cano53 | Observational survey | Adult general population | 1,179 | Family | High |
| Ferrell54 | Review | – | – | Family | – |
| Ferrell et al55 | Quasi-experimental study | Patients with cancer pain and family caregivers | 231 | Family | Medium |
| Hinds79 | Qualitative study, interviews | Families of cancer patients | 83 | Family | Low |
| Redinbaugh et al56 | Cross-sectional study | Pain patients and caregivers | 31 | Family, quality of life, activities of daily living | Medium |
| Yeager et al57 | Cross-sectional study | Cancer patients and caregivers | 86 | Family | Medium |
| Miaskowski et al80 | Cross-sectional study | Caregivers of cancer patients and caregivers of pain-free patients | 86/42 | Family | Medium |
| Woolf et al58 | Observational survey | Patients with musculoskeletal pain and primary care physicians | 5,803/1,483 | Quality of life | Medium |
| Azevedo et al61 | Cross-sectional nationwide study | Adult general population aged ≥18 years | 5,094 | Health care system | High |
| Perez et al62 | Observational multicenter study | Patients with chronic peripheral neuropathic pain | 1,703 | Health care system, costs | High |
| Levinson et al63 | Observational survey | General population aged ≥21 years | 4,859 | Health care system | Medium |
| Blyth et al64 | Observational survey | General population aged ≥16 years | 17,543 | Health care system | High |
| Keeley et al65 | Prospective study | Low back patients | 108 | Quality of life, health care system | Medium |
| Failde et al66 | Cross-sectional nationwide study | Adult general population aged ≥18 years | 1,957 | Health care system | High |
| Dellaroza et al81 | Cross-sectional study | Older patients with chronic pain | 1,271 | Health care system | Low |
| Toliver-Sokol et al67 | Cross-sectional study | Pain adolescents (12–18 years) and community adolescents | 117 | Health care system, physical activity | Medium |
| Andersson et al68 | Cross-sectional study | General population aged 25–74 years | 1,806 | Health care system, activities of daily living | Medium |
| Von Korff et al69 | Cross-sectional study | Pain patients and controls | 372 | Health care system | Medium |
| Garcia-Martinez et al82 | Qualitative cross-sectional survey | General Practitioners and managers | 96 | Health care system | Low |
| Collantes-Estevez and | Observational multicenter study | Patients with osteoarthritis | 2,228 | Activities of daily living | Medium |
| Fernandez-Perez70 | |||||
| Aguera et al71 | Cross-sectional study | Adult patients with unexplained pain | 3,189 | Health care system | High |