Table 1.
Demographics, self-reported comorbidities, and HSAT test outcomes
| Outcomes | Overall N=272,705 | Male n=155,700 | Female n=117,005 | Analysese |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 53.1±14.3 | 52.6±14.2 | 53.7±14.4 | F (1, 272,703)=455.3, P<0.001; η2 =0.002 |
| Age ≥45 (year) | 70.4% | 68.9% | 72.3% | χ2 (1, 267,361)=347.4, P<0.001; Φ=0.04 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.4±7.6 | 31.7±6.7 | 33.2±8.6 | F (1, 272,703)=2,647.0, P<0.001; η2=0.010 |
| Obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | 60.0% | 58.4% | 62.3% | χ2 (1, 271,234)=425.8, P<0.001; Φ=0.04 |
| Neck circumference (in) | 16.2±1.9 | 17.1±1.5 | 15.4±1.6 | F (1, 268,571)=117,178.5, P<0.001; η2=0.304 |
| Self-reported OSA symptomsa | ||||
| Snoring | 61.8% | 65.9% | 56.3% | χ2 (1, 272,695)=2,594.0, P<0.001; Φ=0.10 |
| Wake choking | 13.3% | 13.4% | 13.0% | χ2 (1, 272,695)=11.9, P<0.01; Φ=0.01 |
| Witnessed apneas | 20.4% | 24.2% | 15.4% | χ2 (1, 272,695)=3,162.0, P<0.001; Φ=0.11 |
| ESS | 8.8±5.4 | 8.7±5.3 | 8.9±5.4 | F (1, 272,688)=49.6, P<0.001; η2=0.000 |
| Sleepiness (ESS ≥10) | 41.5% | 40.6% | 42.6% | χ2 (1, 272,698)=110.3, P<0.001; Φ=0.02 |
| Self-reported comorbiditiesb | ||||
| Hypertension | 47.0% | 46.8% | 47.2% | P=0.07 |
| Depression | 25.5% | 17.5% | 36.1% | χ2=(1, 272,705)=12,242.4, P<0.001, Φ=0.21 |
| Insomnia | 17.5% | 12.9% | 23.5% | χ2=(1, 272,705)=5,264.0, P<0.001, Φ=0.14 |
| Sleep medication | 17.1% | 13.2% | 22.3% | χ2=(1, 272,705)=3,909.0, P<0.001, Φ=0.12 |
| Diabetes | 17.1% | 16.1% | 18.5% | χ2=(1, 272,705)=274.5, P<0.001, Φ=0.03 |
| Heart disease | 12.9% | 13.8% | 11.7% | χ2=(1, 272,705)=275.5, P<0.001, Φ=0.03 |
| Restless legs | 11.4% | 9.0% | 14.5% | χ2=(1, 272,705)=2,019.0, P<0.001, Φ=0.09 |
| Lung disease | 7.2% | 5.8% | 9.1% | χ2=(1, 272,705)=1,131.0, P<0.001, Φ=0.06 |
| Stroke | 3.5% | 3.2% | 3.9% | χ2=(1, 272,705)=95.5, P<0.001, Φ=0.02 |
| ARES outcomes | ||||
| AHI (events/hour)c | 17.1±17.8 | 20.1±19.3 | 12.8±14.3 | F (1, 272,703)=13,976.5; P<0.001; η2 =0.05 |
| RDI (events/hour)d | 27.5±19.5 | 30.9±20.4 | 22.6±16.9 | F (1, 272,703)=15,479.4; P<0.001; η2=0.05 |
Note: Values are represented as mean ± SD or percent (%);
% answer “at least frequently (3–4 times per week)” to “on average in the past month, how often have you snored or been told that you snore […] do you wake up choking or gasping […] have you ever been told that you stop breathing in your sleep or wake up choking or gasping?”;
% endorsed yes to “have you been diagnosed or treated for any of the following conditions?”;
average of apneas and hypopneas (4%) per hour of valid recording time;
average of apneas, hypopneas (4%), and flow limited events per hour of valid recording time;
Phi coefficients (F) <0.10 were considered negligible.
Abbreviations: AHI, apnea hypopnea index; BMI, body mass index; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; HSAT, home sleep apnea testing; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; RDI, respiratory disturbance index; SD, standard deviation.