Table 2.
Clinical characteristics
| Variables | Total | CR group | PR group |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 323 | 158 | 165 |
| Age at first depressive episode (years) | |||
| na | 297 | 146 | 151 |
| Mean ± SD | 41.5±14.7 | 43.1±15.6 | 40.0±13.7 |
| Number of previous depressive episodes | |||
| na | 223 | 109 | 114 |
| Mean ± SD | 1.5±1.0 | 1.6±1.1 | 1.5±0.9 |
| Total duration of the current episode of MDD (weeks) | |||
| n | 323 | 158 | 165 |
| Mean ± SD | 33.8±56.9 | 31.4±63.9 | 36.0±49.4 |
| Previous diagnosis of personality disorders, n (%) | |||
| No | 318 (98.5) | 157 (99.4) | 161 (97.6) |
| Yes | 3 (0.9) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1.2) |
| Unknown | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.2) |
| Alcohol intake condition, n (%) | |||
| Yes | 101 (31.3) | 48 (30.4) | 53 (32.1) |
| HAM-D17 total score | |||
| n | 323 | 158 | 165 |
| Mean ± SD | 8.2±4.5 | 4.4±2.0 | 11.8±3.1 |
| SOF AS | |||
| na | 298 | 145 | 153 |
| ≥80, n (%) | 67 (22.5) | 62 (42.8) | 5 (3.3) |
| Mean ± SD | 67.0±13.7 | 75.5±10.7 | 58.9±11.3 |
| Presence of physical comorbidities that may cause PPS, n (%) | |||
| No | 281 (87.0) | 138 (87.3) | 143 (86.7) |
| Yes | 32 (9.9) | 14 (8.9) | 18 (10.9) |
| Unknown | 10 (3.1) | 6 (3.8) | 4 (2.4) |
| Hospitalization, n (%) | |||
| Yes | 4 (1.2) | 3 (1.9) | 1 (0.6) |
| Early retirement, n (%) | |||
| Yes | 12 (3.7) | 2 (1.3) | 10 (6.1) |
| Sick leave, n (%) | |||
| Yes | 103 (31.9) | 39 (24.7) | 64 (38.8) |
| Antidepressants, n (%) | |||
| SSRI | 147 (45.5) | 75 (47.5) | 72 (43.6) |
| SNRI | 118 (36.5) | 59 (37.3) | 59 (35.8) |
| Tricyclic | 24 (7.4) | 10 (6.3) | 14 (8.5) |
| Tetracyclic | 4 (1.2) | 1 (0.6) | 3 (1.8) |
| Others | 32 (9.9) | 14 (8.9) | 18 (10.9) |
| Antidepressant compliance, n (%)b | |||
| 100% | 254 (78.6) | 127 (80.4) | 127 (77.0) |
| 76%–99% | 61 (18.9) | 28 (17.7) | 33 (20.0) |
| 50%–75% | 5 (1.5) | 1 (0.6) | 4 (2.4) |
| <50% | 3 (0.9) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (0.6) |
| Analgesic treatment and classes, n (%) | |||
| Yes | 64 (19.8) | 20 (12.7) | 44 (26.7) |
| NSAIDsc | 63 (98.4) | 20 (100.0) | 43 (97.7) |
| Nonopioidc | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.3) |
| Benzodiazepine treatment and purpose of use, n (%) | |||
| Yes | 245 (75.9) | 106 (67.1) | 139 (84.2) |
| Insomniac | 142 (58.0) | 55 (51.9) | 87 (62.6) |
| Anxietyc | 167 (68.2) | 66 (62.3) | 101 (72.7) |
| Otherc | 15 (6.1) | 6 (5.7) | 9 (6.5) |
| Intensive psychotherapyd, n (%) | |||
| Yes | 159 (49.2) | 77 (48.7) | 82 (49.7) |
Notes:
The number of the patients whose data was available.
P=0.4403 (group comparison between the CR and PR groups, conducted using the Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test).
Percentage is calculated by using the number of patients who answered “Yes” as the denominator.
Intensive psychotherapy includes cognitive behavioral therapy, group psychotherapy, and psychoanalysis.
Abbreviations: CR, complete remission; HAM-D17, 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; MDD, major depressive disorder; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PPS, painful physical symptoms; PR, partial remission; SD, standard deviation; SNRI, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; SOFAS, Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.