Fig. 4.

In utero exposure to MCP230 reduces energy expenditure and lowers physical activity. A and B: O₂ consumption rates (V̇o₂; A) and V̇o₂ analysis (B) normalized to fat-free mass during both the light and dark phases. Each circle represents the average O₂ consumption of each mouse. C and D: time course of energy expenditure (C) and energy expenditure normalized to fat-free mass (D) during both the light and dark phases. Each circle represents the average energy expenditure of each mouse. E: quantification of ambulatory movement during the light and dark phases. F: respiratory exchange ratio of each group. Saline and cabosil groups were not combined for this analysis because there was a significant reduction in the respiratory exchange ratio for both the cabosil- and MCP230-exposed groups. Data shown are either individual (B and D) or group means (A, C, E, and F) ± SE (E and F); n = 18, 6, or 14 for MCP230, saline, and cabosil groups, respectively. §P < 0.05 by ANCOVA (B); *P < 0.05 by Student's t-test (E) or Wilcoxon rank sum test (F). Black bars, saline-exposed mice; open bars, cabosil-exposed mice; gray bars, MCP230-exposed mice; black and white striped bars, combined saline- and cabosil-exposed groups.