Table 1.
Questions relating to the procedures and their invasiveness for three case scenarios
| Cases 1 and 2 | Case 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Non-CPR procedure | Invasiveness | Non-CPR procedure | Invasiveness | ||
| Q1 | Computed tomography | Noninvasive | Q1 | Arterial blood gas | Noninvasive |
| Q2 | Blood culture | Noninvasive | Q2 | Furosemide intravenously | Noninvasive |
| Q3 | Antibiotic therapy | Noninvasive | Q3 | Oxygen for hypoxemia | Noninvasive |
| Q4 | Normal saline | Noninvasive | Q4 | Noninvasive ventilation | Noninvasive |
| Q5 | Oxygen | Noninvasive | |||
| Q6 | Norepinephrine | Moderately invasive | Q5 | Dobutamine | Moderately invasive |
| Q7 | Central venous line | Moderately invasive | Q6 | Blood transfusion | Moderately invasive |
| Q8 | Blood transfusion | Moderately invasive | Q7 | Intensive care unit transfer | Moderately invasive |
| Q9 | Intensive care unit transfer | Moderately invasive | |||
| Q10 | Mechanical ventilation | Very invasive | Q8 | Mechanical ventilation | Very invasive |
| Q11 | Hemodialysis | Very invasive | Q9 | Hemodialysis | Very invasive |
| CPR procedure | CPR procedure | ||||
| Q12 | Electrical shock for VF | Q10 | Electrical shock for VF | ||
| Q13 | Chest compression for asystole | Q11 | Chest compressions for asystole | ||
Notes: Case 1 – advanced stage of lung cancer stage; Case 2 – advanced dementia; and Case 3 – heart failure that was not at an advanced stage. The procedures were classified into noninvasive, moderately invasive, and highly invasive procedures. See Figure S1 for questionnaire.
Abbreviations: CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; VF, ventricular fibrillation.