Exogenous Shh N-terminal peptide protected WOX1-overexpressed human glioblastoma cells against radiation cytotoxicity. (a) WOX1-overexpressed U87MG cell radiation survival curves. D0 values (radiation dose with 37% survival) of U87MG cells for control, Shh 0.01 ng/mL, Shh 0.1 ng/mL and Shh 1.0 ng/mL were 1.1 Gy, 3.3 Gy, 4.0 Gy and 4.4 Gy, respectively. (b) WOX1-overexpressed U373MG cell radiation survival curves. D0 values (radiation dose with 37% survival) of U373MG cells for control, Shh 0.01 ng/mL, Shh 0.1 ng/mL, and Shh 1.0 ng/mL were 3.6 Gy, 4.9 Gy, 5.1 Gy, and 7.7 Gy, respectively. Cells were plated for colony formation assay after radiation. After 10–14 days, the dishes were stained with crystal violet, and colonies containing ≥50 cells were counted. Data from three separate experiments were expressed as mean ± standard error of mean. Symbol: control (open circle), Shh 0.01 ng/mL (black down-pointing triangle), Shh 0.1 ng/mL (white down-pointing triangle), and Shh 1.0 ng/mL (closed circle)