Figure 5.

SCF4 activated the p38 MAPK and Akt signaling pathways but did not significantly affect the JNK pathway. (a) Dose-dependent effects on protein expression of p38, Akt, and JNK by western blot. (b) Time-dependent effects on protein expression of p38 and Akt by western blot. Results of the western blot analysis represent three independent experiments that yielded similar results. Data are the means ± SEM (n = 3), *p < 0.05. MAPKs: mitogen-activated kinases; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; SCF4: subfraction 4 of the n-hexane layer of the EtOH extract of the aerial parts of S. chinensis; SEM: standard error of the mean