Figure 1.

The groups, the average daily energy intake per rat (DEI), and body weight of the animal model. (a) The diagram of the animal model. Male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were assigned into four groups: NFal—feed ad libitum with normal chow diet (n = 28, 19, and 10 in phase I, II, and III, respectively), HFal—feed ad libitum with high-fat diet (n = 56, 19, and 10 in phase I, II, and III, respectively), HFal-NFcr—caloric restriction with normal chow diet after HFal for about two months (n = 18 and 9 in phase II and III, respectively) and HFal-NFcr-NFal—refeeding ad libitum with normal chow diet after CR for about two months (n = 10). A: for blood and fat pad, n = 4–5; B: for euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp technique, n = 5. (b) The average daily energy intake per rat of the four groups in each week. The food intake per rat was measured once a week and the daily energy intake per rat was calculated as described in “Methods and Materials” section. *: P < 0.05 versus NFal at the same time point; #: P < 0.05 versus the start point of the same group. (c) The body weight of the four groups in each week. n = 9–56 as shown in Figure 1(a). *: P < 0.05 versus NFal at the same time point