Fig. 1.

Txnip expression is upregulated by glucose in cardiomyocytes. A: rat cardiac H9c2 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of glucose and/or mannitol in DMEM after a starvation period. Western blot analysis was performed with the anti-Txnip antibody JY2. Actin and Coomassie blue staining serve as loading controls in the gel. Higher extracellular glucose levels significantly increase intracellular protein expression of Txnip. B–D: gene (B) and protein (C and D) expressions of Txnip were analyzed in cardiac tissues harvested from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic or nondiabetic wild-type (Control) mice. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR. Hyperglycemia increased mRNA and protein expressions of Txnip in whole heart homogenates. Values are means ± SE. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. control. n = 3 or 4 each.