Table 1.

Echocardiographic and hemodynamic analyses of cardiac function at baseline and at 16 wk after STZ treatment

	Baseline				16 wk
	Control	STZ	KO	KO/STZ	Control	STZ	KO	KO/STZ
Echocardiography, n	4	14	5	14	3	9	4	10
Heart rate, beats/min	653 ± 31	639 ± 9†	708 ± 12*	662 ± 12	660 ± 1	613 ± 28	690 ± 17*	588 ± 23
Anterior wall thickness, mm	1.0 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1
Posterior wall thickness, mm	0.9 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.1
End-diastolic dimensions, mm	2.4 ± 0.2	2.5 ± 0.2	2.6 ± 0.3	2.6 ± 0.3	2.8 ± 0.4	3.0 ± 0.4	2.9 ± 0.4	3.0 ± 0.4
End-systolic dimensions, mm	0.8 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1	1.4 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.3	1.3 ± 0.4
Fractional shortening, %	69 ± 4	66 ± 2	74 ± 1*	60 ± 4	62 ± 7	55 ± 5	64 ± 4	58 ± 3
Left ventricular mass, g	0.07 ± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.01	0.10 ± 0.01
Hemodynamics
Heart rate, beats/min	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	515 ± 18	510 ± 19	525 ± 19	480 ± 37
End-systolic pressure, mmHg	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	84 ± 8	81 ± 5	80 ± 10	74 ± 5
End-diastolic pressure, mmHg	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	3.5 ± 0.9	2.3 ± 0.3	3.6 ± 0.8	2.7 ± 0.6
dP/dt maximum, mmHg/s	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	6,625 ± 975	6,605 ± 933	4,890 ± 730	5,349 ± 561
dP/dt minimum, mmHg/s	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	6,008 ± 732	5,766 ± 683	5,322 ± 758	5,484 ± 885

Values are means ± SE. STZ, streptozotocin; KO, Txnip-knockout mice; N/A, not applicable.

^*P < 0.05 vs. KO/STZ;

^†P < 0.01 vs. KO.