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Activation level of VEGFR-2 normalized to the value for “no VEGF”. HUVECs were exposed to 20 ng/mL VEGF, except in the control condition, “No VEGF”. In addition, cells were cultured in the presence of 1 μM of alginate or alginate sulfates (DSsulfate = 5.3%) (*p < 0.05 with respect to the condition to expose HUVECs to bare VEGF).
