Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of youth ≥10 years of age with incident type 1 diabetes, stratified by a Mediterranean diet score at baseline visit

	Low (≤3)	Median (4–7)	High (≥8)	P valuea
N (%)	408 (51.45)	363 (45.78)	22 (2.77)
Age, years, mean ± SD	13.78 ± 2.46	13.67 ± 2.48	13.70 ± 1.98	0.84
Female, %	45.34	49.86	40.91	0.38
Diagnosis age, years, mean ± SD	12.40 ± 2.47	12.30 ± 2.47	12.23 ± 1.95	0.82
Duration of diabetes, months, mean ± SD	11.29 ± 6.31	10.98 ± 6.15	11.32 ± 5.90	0.79
Race/ethnicity, %				0.23
Non-Hispanic white	79.41	74.10	77.27
Non-Hispanic Black	10.54	10.47	13.64
Other	10.05	15.43	9.09
Parental education, %				0.04
Less than high school	3.46	4.16	4.55
High school	18.77	9.97	13.64
Some college	34.32	34.90	40.91
College or more	43.46	50.97	40.91
Vigorous physical activity ≥ 3 days/week, %	59.90	66.11	81.82	0.04
Watch television ≥ 2 hours/day, %	56.33	52.81	40.91	0.28
HbA1c, %, median (IQR)	7.40 ± 2.00	7.30 ± 1.90	7.10 ± 1.00	0.54
Total Cholesterol, mg/dL, mean (SD)	161.57 ± 34.33	157.69 ± 32.78	143.55 ± 18.50	0.03
LDL Cholesterol, mg/dL, mean (SD)	95.49 ± 27.35	91.76 ± 26.44	77.10 ± 16.46	0.004
HDL Cholesterol, mg/dL, mean (SD)	51.78 ± 12.12	51.98 ± 11.89	53.80 ± 9.47	0.76
Apolipoprotein B, mg/dL, mean (SD)	71.53 ± 20.40	69.53 ± 17.29	61.44 ± 12.98	0.20
Triglycerides, mg/dL, median (IQR)	60.50 ± 37.00	58.50 ± 35.00	57.50 ± 29.50	0.61
Systolic BP, mm Hg, mean (SD)	104.23 ± 10.32	105.64 ± 10.92	107.87 ± 10.79	0.09
Diastolic BP, mm Hg, mean (SD)	65.11 ± 9.35	65.61 ± 9.63	64.10 ± 10.22	0.66
BMI z score, mean (SD)	0.54 ± 0.96	0.51 ± 0.97	0.66 ± 0.74	0.75
Waist circumference, cm, mean (SD)	77.33 ± 12.04	76.80 ± 12.93	77.57 ± 8.09	0.83

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SD, standard deviation.

^aANOVA or Kruskal Wallis test or chi-square test. P value of 0.05 or less was highlighted in bold.