Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and depression treatment preferences at baseline, care behavior/engagement and provider behavior at 7 months for the entire sample and by high versus low stigma.
| Label Avoidance | p-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||||
| Overall | Low Stigma | High Stigma | |||||
| mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | ||
| Demographic and health characteristics: baseline (n=761) | |||||||
| Age (years) | 60.3 | 11.9 | 59.8 | 11.7 | 66.6 | 12.0 | <.001 |
| Depression (PHQ-9 Sum) | 15.8 | 4.3 | 16.0 | 4.3 | 14.6 | 3.6 | <.05 |
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| Gender (female) | 46 | 6.0 | 42 | 6.0 | 2 | 3.3 | 0.39 |
| Race/ethnicity (White, Non-Hispanic) | 630 | 82.8 | 578 | 83.3 | 51 | 86.4 | 0.53 |
| Education (high school or less) | 376 | 49.4 | 340 | 48.8 | 34 | 56.7 | 0.24 |
| General Health (Good or better) | 149 | 19.6 | 135 | 19.4 | 14 | 23.3 | 0.27 |
| Treatment preferences: baseline (n=761) | |||||||
| PC physician | 498 | 65.4 | 456 | 66.7 | 41 | 68.3 | 0.79 |
| Psychiatrist | 486 | 63.9 | 466 | 67.2 | 18 | 30.5 | <.001 |
| Another mental health specialist | 506 | 66.5 | 481 | 69.6 | 23 | 38.3 | <.001 |
| Spiritual Counselor/Clergy | 359 | 47.2 | 329 | 47.3 | 29 | 48.3 | 0.88 |
| Care behavior at 7 months (n=546) | |||||||
| At least one PC visit | 489 | 89.6 | 447 | 89.8 | 40 | 87.0 | 0.55 |
| Take medication for emotional problem | 353 | 64.7 | 343 | 68.6 | 10 | 21.7 | <.001 |
| Any PC visit for emotional health | 253 | 46.4 | 243 | 48.8 | 9 | 19.6 | <.001 |
| Any mental health provider visit | 295 | 54.4 | 287 | 57.9 | 8 | 17.4 | <.001 |
| Visit with psychiatrist | 210 | 73.2 | 207 | 73.3 | 3 | 42.9 | 0.07 |
| Visit with psychologist | 125 | 44.2 | 124 | 45.1 | 1 | 12.5 | 0.07 |
| Visit with social worker | 108 | 37.4 | 106 | 37.7 | 2 | 25.0 | 0.46 |
| Appropriate care (mental health specialist and/or meds) | 269 | 49.5 | 262 | 52.6 | 7 | 15.2 | <.001 |
| Care at 7 Months (administrative data) | |||||||
| Any mental health specialist individual visits | 251 | 46.5 | 246 | 49.8 | 5 | 10.9 | <.001 |
| Any mental health group visits | 51 | 9.5 | 50 | 10.1 | 1 | 2.2 | 0.08 |
| Provider behavior at 7 Months | |||||||
| Asked about sadness/depression | 280 | 58.0 | 261 | 58.8 | 19 | 48.7 | 0.22 |
| Asked about self-harm | 203 | 42.3 | 193 | 43.9 | 10 | 25.0 | 0.02 |
| Asked about depression improvement | 203 | 42.2 | 194 | 44.0 | 9 | 22.5 | 0.008 |
| Recommended counseling | 69 | 14.2 | 66 | 14.8 | 3 | 7.5 | 0.21 |
| Prescribed or refilled a medication for an emotional problem | 212 | 43.5 | 205 | 45.9 | 7 | 17.5 | .001 |
| Adjusted a medication for an emotional problem | 106 | 22.4 | 103 | 23.6 | 3 | 8.3 | .035 |