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Nicotine enhances sign-tracking but not goal-tracking during Pavlovian conditioned approach training. Panels A–B show the number of lever contacts (sign-tracking) in paired and unpaired groups; nicotine or saline was injected 15 min before each session. Panels C–D show the number of food-cup entries (goal-tracking). Asterisks indicate significant differences between nicotine- and saline-treated rats. Data are presented as means +/− SEM.
