Table 3.

Odds Ratios for the 2003 Progression of Disability by Gender

Variables	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
					Odds Ratio		95% C.I.
	Males	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females
Disability
At baseline (Ref.: no disability)
Mobility only	3.07***	2.82***	2.86***	2.52***	2.51***	2.09***	1.98–3.20	1.67–2.62
Mobility and IADL	5.54***	7.81***	4.57***	6.16***	3.52***	4.58***	2.07–5.99	3.14–6.69
Mobility and ADL	7.23***	4.47***	6.47***	3.82***	4.79***	2.93***	3.31–6.93	2.04–4.19
All three	22.30***	16.20***	19.07***	13.20***	13.37***	8.59***	9.00–19.86	6.23–11.85
Socioeconomic Variables
Age (Ref.: 65–69 years old)
70–74 years old			1.14	1.29*	1.12	1.25*	0.87–1.45	1.01–1.56
75 years or older			2.03***	1.96***	1.89***	1.99***	1.48–2.41	1.59–2.47
Location Size (Ref.: less than 2,500 inhabitants)
Between 2,500 and 14,999 inhabitants			1.02	0.81	1.06	0.87	0.73–1.53	0.59–1.28
Between 15,000 and 99,999 inhabitants			0.67*	0.75	0.72*	0.82	0.52–1.00	0.59–1.13
100,000 inhabitants or more			0.80	1.09	0.86	1.23	0.66–1.12	0.94–1.62
Social Support
Help from neighbors and/or children			0.93	1.23	0.96	1.29*	0.75–1.24	1.02–1.62
Education (Ref.: no education at all)
1–5 years of schooling			1.07	1.03	1.14	1.09	0.90–1.43	0.88–1.34
6 years of schooling			1.08	0.78	1.17	0.85	0.83–1.63	0.63–1.16
7 or more years of schooling			0.76	0.64**	0.89	0.81	0.61–1.31	0.58–1.13
Monthly Income (Ref.: no or negative income)
Less than 5,000 Mexican Pesos			1.06	0.98	1.07	0.95	0.84–1.37	0.77–1.17
Between 5,000 and 9,999 Mexican Pesos			0.86	1.03	0.94	0.98	0.63–1.39	0.67–1.44
10,000 Mexican Pesos or more			0.79	0.72	0.78	0.70	0.49–1.23	0.46–1.05
Insurance
Any Coverage			1.12	0.99	1.19	1.00	0.95–1.49	0.81–1.22
Health and Function Variables
Poor self-rated health					1.54***	1.64***	1.19–1.98	1.33–2.03
CES-D score					1.07**	1.09***	1.03–1.12	1.05–1.13
Combined verbal recall score					0.91*	0.93*	0.85–0.98	0.87–0.99
Cut-off Points
Cut #1	0.78	0.31	0.86	0.53	0.88	0.67
Cut #2	2.19	1.94	2.30	2.21	2.35	2.39
Cut #3	2.45	2.41	2.57	2.69	2.62	2.88
Cut #4	2.90	2.88	3.03	3.17	3.08	3.37
Cut #5	3.49	4.01	3.63	4.32	3.69	4.55
Unweighted N	1,527	1,756	1,527	1,756	1,527	1,756
Pseudo-R2	0.08	0.07	0.09	0.09	0.10	0.10

Note: Unweighted results;

^*p ≤ .05;

^**p ≤ .01;

^***p ≤ .001.

Confidence intervals of models 1 and 2 are omitted for space purposes.

Source: Author’s calculations with data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study [36, 37].