Table 5. Association of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) use with prevalent NAFLD according to selected risk factors; NHANES, 2001 – 2006.

	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted¥ OR (95% CI)
Sex
Male	0.85 (0.65 – 1.12)	0.98 (0.59 – 1.62)
Female	1.44 (1.08 – 1.93)	0.98 (0.56 – 1.70)
Age
≤ 60 yrs.	1.34 (1.06 – 1.70)	1.09 (0.67 – 1.77)
> 60 yrs.	0.86 (0.59 – 1.26)	0.75 (0.42 – 1.35)
BMI
< 25	1.30 (0.77 – 2.19)	1.17 (0.48 – 2.90)
25-30	0.80 (0.56 – 1.14)	0.92 (0.49 – 1.75)
≥ 30	1.07 (0.81 – 1.40)	1.05 (0.62 – 1.78)
IR
No	0.72 (0.44 – 1.17)	0.76 (0.41 – 1.40)
Yes	1.07 (0.75 – 1.53)	1.10 (0.69 – 1.76)

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IR, insulin resistance

^¥Unconditional logistic regression model, adjusted for H1RAs and H2RAs use, age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, waist circumference, physical activity, smoking status, insulin resistance (IR), systolic/diastolic blood pressure, and hypercholesterolemia