Table 2.
Primary outcomes: effects of Tango for PD on health-related psychological outcomes.
| N | M | SD | t | df | p | d | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Well-being (HSI-24) | Pre | 34 | 3.27 | 0.27 | ||||
| Post | 34 | 3.45 | 0.23 | –3.73 | 33 | 0.001 | 0.69 | |
| Cognitive expectancies (CEQ) | Pre | 34 | 5.96 | 1.61 | ||||
| Post | 34 | 6.85 | 1.61 | –4.01 | 33 | 0.000 | 0.55 | |
| Affective expectancies (CEQ) | Pre | 34 | 5.35 | 1.85 | ||||
| Post | 34 | 6.16 | 1.89 | –3.31 | 33 | 0.002 | 0.44 | |
| Body self-efficacy (BSE) | Pre | 34 | 2.19 | 1.17 | ||||
| Post | 34 | 2.89 | 0.98 | –3.59 | 33 | 0.001 | 0.65 | |
| BSE-beauty | Pre | 29 | 2.00 | 1.31 | ||||
| Post | 29 | 2.79 | 1.11 | –2.81 | 28 | 0.009 | 0.66 | |
Descriptive results: Means (M), standard deviation (SD), and sample size (N); higher post-test scores represent improvement; Inferential statistics: t-value (t), degrees of freedom (df), probability-value (p), and effect size (Cohen's d); Design: pre–post within-group comparison; based on Bonferroni-correction values of p < 0.01 reflect significant differences.