Table 2. Clinical characteristics of the study participants.
| Maternal or perinatal characteristics | Exome-sequencing | Sequenom genotyping 1 |
Sequenom genotyping 2 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-eclampsia(n = 100) | Pre-eclampsia(n = 180) | Control(n = 180) | P | Pre-eclampsia(n = 1353) | Control(n = 699) | P | |
| Age (years) | 30 (27/32) | 29 (26/32) | 28 (25/32) | 0.515 | 30 (26/34) [1352] | 29 (26/33) | 0.010 |
| Primipara | 89 (89.0) | 166 (92.2) | 162 (90.0) | 0.459 | 999 (73.8) | 379 (54.2) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.7 (20.8/25.1) [94] | 22.4 (20.4/25.2) [174] | 22.8 (20.7/25.0) | 0.685 | 24.0 (21.3/27.8) [1344] | 23.0 (20.8/25.8) | <0.001 |
| Highest systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 168 (161/181) | 168 (160/179) | 125 (118/133) | <0.001 | 165 (154/179) | 125 (118/133) | <0.001 |
| Highest diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 111 (105/117) [99] | 111 (106/116) [179] | 83 (78/88) | <0.001 | 109 (104/116) [1352] | 82 (78/87) | <0.001 |
| Proteinuria (g/24 h) | 4.5 (2.3/7.3) [97] | 4.8 (2.7/7.2) [177] | NA | NA | 3.1 (1.3/6.1) [1202] | 0.9 (0.7/1.3) [6] | NA |
| Birth weight (g) | 2650 (2006/3172) | 2628 (1943/3123) | 3543 (3256/3909) | <0.001 | 2770 (2075/3300) | 3630 (3312/3950) | <0.001 |
| Relative birth weight (SD) | −1.29 (−1.88/−0.48) [99] | −1.38 (−1.95/−0.52) [179] | −0.12 (−0.68/0.55) | <0.001 | −1.13 (−1.88/−0.30) [1351] | 0.02 (−0.58/0.69) [698] | <0.001 |
| Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 37.4 (34.4/39.0) [99] | 37.4 (34.6/38.9) [179] | 40.6 (39.7/41.3) | <0.001 | 37.7 (35.1/39.1) [1352] | 40.4 (39.4/41.3) | <0.001 |
| Chronic hypertension | 3 (3.0) [99] | 3 (1.7) [179] | 0 | 0.123 | 235 (17.4) [1352] | 0 | <0.001 |
| Pregestational diabetes mellitus | 0 [99] | 0 [179] | 0 | NA | 40 (3.0) [1352] | 5 (0.7) | 0.001 |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus | 1 (1.0) [99] | 1 (0.6) [179] | 0 | 0.499 | 184 (13.6) [1352] | 53 (7.6) | <0.001 |
| Smoking before pregnancy | 13 (14.4) [90] | 30 (17.6) [170] | 33 (19.0) [174] | 0.752 | 222 (17.4) [1277] | 137 (20.4) [670] | 0.098 |
| Smoking during pregnancy | 6 (6.5) [92] | 10 (5.8) [172] | 11 (6.3) [176] | 0.864 | 84 (6.5) [1289] | 56 (8.2) [682] | 0.164 |
Values for continuous variables are median (25th/75th percentile), and for categorical variables frequencies (% in parentheses). Number of study participants is shown in brackets if different. Comparison of continuous variables was performed with the Mann–Whitney U test due to non-normality of the data. Categorical variables were analysed using the chi2 test or the Fisher’s exact test if number of observations in any cell was <5. PE = pre-eclampsia; BMI = body mass index.