Table 4. Pooled estimates of BCR analyses in subgroups.

Sources	No. of studies	Pooled estimates		Tests of heterogeneity		Tests of publication bias
		HR	95%CI	I2(%)	p-val.	Begg’s p-val.	Egger’s p-val.
All studies	22	0.88	0.765–0.998	66.8	<0.001	0.809	0.866
Treatment modality
RP	14	0.96	0.83–1.09	57.5	0.004	0.784	0.518
RT	7	0.67	0.48–0.86	60.9	0.018	0.881	0.753
Exclude pts received ADT	11	0.94	0.77–1.11	68.5	<0.001	0.533	0.493
RP	10	0.99	0.81–1.17	62.9	0.004	0.788	0.500
RT	1	0.63	0.63–0.79	–	–	–	–
Include pts received ADT	8	0.74	0.54–0.95	71.5	0.001	0.712	0.453
RT	6	0.69	0.43–0.96	67.5	0.009	0.851	0.495
RP	2	0.86	0.57–1.14	73.4	0.052	–	–
Pre- or post-operation	7	0.87	0.69–1.04	51.9	0.052	1.000	0.760
Post-operation	5	0.83	0.61–1.05	59.0	0.045	0.806	0.740
Pre-operation	2	1.00	0.75–1.24	0.0	0.967	–	–
Results for long-term statins use	7	0.90	0.72–1.07	11.8	0.340	0.548	0.529
Park et al. analysis
Before	12	0.89	0.72–1.06	70.5	<0.001	0.945	0.994
After	10	0.88	0.70–1.05	65.0	0.002	0.929	0.865
Country
US	18	0.86	0.73–0.99	66.6	<0.001	0.879	0.710
Non-US	4	1.01	0.67–1.35	71.6	0.014	0.497	0.730
PSA
Adjusted	11	0.95	0.81–1.09	52.5	0.021	0.697	0.401
Not adjusted	11	0.80	0.60–0.99	73.3	<0.001	0.697	0.592
BMI
Adjusted	6	0.93	0.71–1.16	71.9	0.003	0.851	0.943
Not adjusted	16	0.86	0.72–1.01	66.5	<0.001	0.928	0.948
Age
Adjusted	8	0.96	0.81–1.12	59.0	0.017	0.621	0.495
Not adjusted	14	0.82	0.65–0.98	65.5	<0.001	0.913	0.873
BMI & Age
Adjusted	4	1.00	0.68–1.32	80.1	0.002	0.497	0.954
Not adjusted	18	0.86	0.73–0.98	63.5	<0.001	1.000	0.967
BMI or PSA or Age
Adjusted	12	0.95	0.83–1.07	50.3	0.023	0.681	0.490
Not adjusted	10	0.76	0.55–0.97	68.2	0.001	0.929	0.865

Note: HR, Hazard ratio; 95%CI, 95% confidence intervals; PCa, prostate cancer; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; RT, radiation therapy; RP, radical prostatectomy. BCR, biochemical recurrence.