Figure 6.
Noninvasive (transabdominal) embryonic/fetal heart imaging. (A) 4-chamber view of the E13.5 embryonic heart. Note how the intraluminal blood is echogenic. (B) Short axis view of the fetal E18.5 ventricles. Note how the intraluminal blood at this later stage is now relatively echolucent. (C and D) Method for measuring systolic ventricular function. The combined left and right ventricular areas are traced at end-diastole (C) and end-systole (D) to yield the fractional area shortening.