Table 1.
Sample sizes, number of positives, and apparent prevalence (in parentheses) of hematozoa, Influenza A Virus (IAV), and IAV serostatus (Ser)
| Species | Age | Sex | Sampling month(s) | n | Leuc | Haem | Plas | AIV | Ser | Leuc & Haem | Leuc & Plas | Leuc & AIV | Haem & AIV | Plas & AIV | Leuc & Ser | Haem & Ser | Plas & Ser |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MALL | Ad | M | May, Jun, Aug | 137 | 91 (66) | 71 (52) | 4 (3) | 27 (20) | 56 (41) | 51 (37) | 4 (3) | 19 (14) | 11 (8) | 2 (1) | 40 (29) | 30 (22) | 2 (1) |
| F | May, Jun, Aug | 115 | 57 (50) | 30 (26) | 9 (8) | 15 (13) | 41 (36) | 20 (17) | 4 (3) | 8 (7) | 4 (3) | 0 (0) | 18 (16) | 12 (10) | 3 (3) | ||
| Juv | M | Aug | 118 | 13 (11) | 6 (5) | 18 (15) | 21 (18) | 10 (8) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 3 (3) | 4 (3) | 5 (4) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 3 (3) | |
| F | Aug | 111 | 13 (12) | 5 (5) | 9 (8) | 16 (14) | 14 (13) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 3 (3) | 0 (0) | ||
| NOPI | Ad | M | May, Jun, Aug | 105 | 47 (45) | 20 (19) | 5 (5) | 3 (3) | 35 (33) | 13 (12) | 3 (3) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 19 (18) | 9 (9) | 2 (2) |
| F | May, Jun, Aug | 142 | 82 (58) | 47 (33) | 32 (23) | 9 (6) | 46 (32) | 30 (21) | 16 (11) | 4 (3) | 3 (2) | 2 (1) | 31 (22) | 17 (12) | 10 (7) | ||
| Juv | M | Aug | 119 | 47 (39) | 8 (7) | 35 (29) | 8 (7) | 11 (9) | 5 (4) | 16 (13) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 7 (6) | 1 (1) | 5 (4) | |
| F | Aug | 124 | 47 (38) | 8 (6) | 42 (34) | 10 (8) | 11 (9) | 4 (3) | 20 (16) | 4 (3) | 2 (2) | 4 (3) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 3 (2) | ||
| AGWT | Ad | M | Aug | 54 | 29 (54) | 13 (24) | 1 (2) | 3 (6) | 22 (41) | 9 (17) | 1 (2) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 12 (22) | 5 (9) | 0 (0) |
| F | Aug | 29 | 19 (66) | 10 (34) | 3 (10) | 2 (7) | 8 (28) | 9 (31) | 2 (7) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 4 (14) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | ||
| Juv | M | Aug | 101 | 29 (29) | 6 (6) | 9 (9) | 10 (10) | 10 (10) | 4 (4) | 2 (2) | 4 (4) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | |
| F | Aug | 44 | 7 (16) | 1 (2) | 3 (7) | 5 (11) | 7 (16) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (5) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (5) | ||
| AMWI | Ad | M | May, Jun | 76 | 66 (87) | 39 (51) | 6 (8) | 2 (3) | 5 (7) | 36 (47) | 6 (8) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 5 (7) | 2 (3) | 2 (3) |
| F | May, Jun | 12 | 8 (67) | 2 (17) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (8) | 2 (17) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| LESC | Ad | M | May | 48 | 31 (65) | 13 (27) | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | 12 (25) | 10 (21) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 9 (19) | 5 (10) | 0 (0) |
| F | May | 12 | 2 (17) | 3 (25) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (25) | 1 (8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (8) | 1 (8) | 0 (0) | ||
| Total | 1347 | 588 (44) | 282 (21) | 179 (13) | 131 (10) | 292 (22) | 196 (15) | 78 (6) | 53 (4) | 27 (2) | 16 (1) | 153 (11) | 87 (6) | 34 (3) |
Hematozoa genera were abbreviated (Leuc Leucocytozoon, Haem Haemoproteus, Plas Plasmodium) and the “&” indicates co-infections with multiple hematozoa genera and/or IAV and Serostatus. Sampling month refers to the intervals when birds were sampled (May = 17 May – 27 May; Jun = 10 June – 19 June; Aug = 28 July – 20 August). Age was classified as adult (Ad) or juvenile (Juv). Species abbreviations: MALL mallard, NOPI northern pintail, AGWT American green-winged teal, AMWI American wigeon, LESC lesser scaup