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. 2016 Jun 24;90(14):6344–6364. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00388-16

FIG 11.

FIG 11

Variable T-cell populations in close proximity of foci of persistent FMDV infection in bovine nasopharyngeal mucosa determined by the multichannel immunofluorescence technique. (A) FMDV VP1 (red) protein within cytokeratin-expressing epithelial cells (green) in the follicle-associated epithelium of the dorsal soft palate of a vaccinated steer at 35 dpi. CD8+ (purple)/CD3+ (aqua) double-positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes and CD8−/CD3+ (presumptive T-helper) lymphocytes are present in the subepithelial compartment and interspersed within the epithelium. Magnification, ×40; bar, 25 μm. (B) Select channels of the image shown in panel A. CD3+ cells (aqua) include single-positive (T-helper cells) or CD8+/CD3+ double-positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Additional individual cells of a CD3−/CD8+ phenotype represent presumptive NK cells. Bars, 25 μm. (C) The FMDV VP1 (red) protein colocalizes with cytokeratin (green) in lymphoid follicle-associated epithelium of the dorsal soft palate of a nonvaccinated steer at 35 dpi. T-helper cells (CD3+/CD8−) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD3+/CD8+) are located directly adjacent to FMDV-infected cells in the superficial layer of the epithelium. Magnification, ×40; bar, 25 μm. (D) Individual channels of the image shown in panel C showing CD3 (aqua) single-positive or CD3/CD8 (aqua/purple) double-positive T lymphocytes in direct proximity to FMDV VP1 (red). Magnifications, ×40; bars, 25 μm.