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Anti-FMDV IgA levels in saliva measured by an isotype-specific immunosorbent assay. Results are mean values ± SEMs for groups of vaccinated and nonvaccinated cattle further categorized by FMDV persistence status. Data are for 15 vaccinated carriers, 8 nonvaccinated carriers, 4 vaccinated noncarriers, and 5 nonvaccinated noncarriers.
