Table 3.
Marijuana trajectory group differences on adult psychosocial outcomes after controlling for covariates.
| Low/nonusers (n = 233) |
Adolescence-limited (n = 54) |
Late increasing (n = 106) |
Early chronic (n = 111) |
Trajectory group | Race | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pr/M | SE/SD | Pr/M | SE/SD | Pr/M | SE/SD | Pr/M | SE/SD | χ 2 | z | |
| Educational and occupational | ||||||||||
| Socioeconomic statusa | 0.00 | (0.73) | 0.15 | (0.98) | –0.07 | (0.79) | –0.30 | (0.47) | 6.98 | –5.03*** |
| Financially supports all children | 0.97 | (0.02) | 0.95 | (0.03) | 0.95 | (0.02) | 0.95 | (0.03) | 0.37 | –2.36* |
| Relational, marital, and parenting | ||||||||||
| Friends’ criminal behaviora | 0.00 | (0.48) | 0.12 | (0.92) | 0.34 | (1.11) | 0.40 | (1.03) | 5.82 | 3.91*** |
| ≥50% of friends use marijuana | 0.21a | (0.04) | 0.28ab | (0.09) | 0.43bc | (0.07) | 0.58c | (0.07) | 19.95*** | 1.77 |
| Poor social supporta | 0.00 | (1.65) | –0.22 | (1.53) | 0.16 | (1.66) | 0.30 | (1.68) | 2.63 | –0.29 |
| Any intimate partner | 0.68 | (0.05) | 0.88 | (0.06) | 0.84 | (0.05) | 0.77 | (0.06) | 6.50 | –2.05* |
| Currently married | 0.44 | (0.05) | 0.48 | (0.11) | 0.38 | (0.06) | 0.24 | (0.06) | 6.32 | –3.43** |
| Partner uses marijuana | 0.14a | (0.04) | 0.14a | (0.06) | 0.25ab | (0.07) | 0.43b | (0.08) | 12.69** | 0.42 |
| Poor partner relationship qualitya | 0.00 | (2.63) | –0.33 | (1.69) | 0.39 | (2.24) | 0.84 | (1.86) | 6.05 | –0.46 |
| Any biological children | 0.73 | (0.05) | 0.78 | (0.09) | 0.82 | (0.05) | 0.75 | (0.06) | 1.80 | 3.15** |
| Children by multiple women | 0.16 | (0.03) | 0.19 | (0.08) | 0.28 | (0.06) | 0.32 | (0.07) | 6.28 | 4.62*** |
| No recent child visitation | 0.15 | (0.04) | 0.24 | (0.09) | 0.25 | (0.06) | 0.32 | (0.08) | 3.99 | 2.96** |
| Overall life satisfactiona | 0.00 | (0.74) | –0.26 | (1.13) | –0.11 | (0.93) | –0.06 | (0.91) | 1.35 | –1.91 |
Note. Trajectory group Ns are unweighted and represent group sizes after classifying participants into their most likely class. Parameter estimates were calculated using weighting adjustment to account for the oversampling of at-risk adolescents. Predicted probability (Pr) of event occurrence and associated standard errors (SE) are reported for binary outcomes. Estimated means (M) and standard deviations (SD) are reported for continuous outcomes. Race effects contrast Black men vs. White/other men. Effects are after controlling for race, family SES, academic achievement, peer delinquency, depressed mood, and parent/child communication during early adolescence and co-occurring use of alcohol, tobacco, and hard drugs. Groups that do not have a common subscripted letter are significantly different at p < .05.
Latent factor scores were centered at the mean of the Low/nonuser group.
p < .05.
p < .01.
p < .001.