Table 1. Losses in D-efficiency (in bold) by ignoring the dependence in per cent.

	FGM		Clayton		Frank
τ	$\overline{\alpha }$	D-eff	$\overline{\alpha }$	D-eff	$\overline{\alpha }$	D-eff
$-0.15\phantom{-}$	$-0.67\phantom{-}$	0.29	n.d.	–	−1.37	0.10
$-0.10\phantom{-}$	$-0.45\phantom{-}$	0.23	n.d.	–	−0.90	0.10
$-0.05\phantom{-}$	$-0.22\phantom{-}$	0.59	n.d.	–	−0.45	0.10
$0.05$	$0.22$	0.68	0.10	0.16	0.45	0.10
$0.10$	$0.45$	0.39	0.22	0.13	0.90	0.10
$0.15$	$0.67$	0.28	0.35	0.34	1.37	0.10
$0.35$	n.d.	–	1.08	0.11	3.51	0.11
$0.75$	n.d.	–	6.00	0.27	14.13	0.16