qRT-PCR analysis of RAY3, SvDIV1B, and SvRAD transcripts in developing wild-type S. vulgaris capitulum tissues. A, RAY3 transcription levels were significantly higher in ray floret developmental stages than all the other plant tissues. B, SvDIV1B transcription levels were higher in stage 6 and 7, compared to stage 8 ray florets, while disc florets showed similar expression levels in all developmental stages. SvDIV1B transcripts were also detected in vegetative tissues. C, SvRAD expression levels were very low in all ray and disc floret stages but high in vegetative tissues. Gene expression levels were normalized to 5.8s rRNA. Asterisks indicate significance using two tailed Student's t test when compared to stage 6 ray florets: *P ≤ 0.05, ***P ≤ 0.001, ****P ≤ 0.0001, and nsP > 0.05 (ns, not significant). Error bars are ± sd values of three biological and four technical replicates.