qRT-PCR analysis of flower symmetry gene regulators in S. vulgaris wild-type and RAY3 transgenic capitula (stage 6-8). A, RAY3 transcription levels were significantly down-regulated in all transgenic lines. B, SvDIV1B transcription levels were only reduced in one RAY3 down-regulated transgenic line. C, SvRAD expression levels were significantly increased in three out of five transgenic lines in response to RAY3 down-regulation. D, RAY1 transcription levels were significantly reduced in most lines in response to RAY3 down-regulation. E, RAY2 transcription expression levels were significantly reduced in most lines in response to RAY3 down-regulation. Gene expression levels were normalized with 5.8S rRNA and are shown relative to the wild-type control expression levels. Asterisks indicate significance using two tailed Student's t test when compared to the wild type: *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001, ****P ≤ 0.0001, and nsP > 0.05 (ns, not significant). Error bars are ± sd values of four technical replicates on biological triplicates.