Table 1.

A summary of transgenic tauopathy models, form of tau protein expressed and their effect on synapse structure and function.

Tau type	Host	Human Tau form	Line	Structural changes	Electrophysiological abnormalities	Proteomic changes	Reference
Normal		6 tau isoforms	hTau mice			↓ Synaptophysin, synaptojanin, mGluR, synaptobrevin, syntaxin, PSD-95, TrkB	173
					↓ HFS-induced LTP in Schaffer collateral fibers		136
		Tau 2N/4R isoform	Wtau-Tg	↓ Synapse density		↓ PSD-95	133
			Tau.4R mice	↓ Length of mushroom spines, ↑ spine density			134
Mutated	Mice	Tau 40 with P301L mutation	JNPL3	↓ Density of synaptic boutons, synaptic stripping			147
				↑ Late phase-LTP			148
			Tau-4R-P301L mice	↓ Length of mushroom spines, ↑ spine density			134
			rTg4510	↓ Dendritic complexity and length, ↓ spine density			144
				↓ Dendritic diameters, ↓ cortical spine	↑ sEPSC		145
				↓ Mushroom spines, dendritic regression	↑ Action potential firing rates, ↑ sEPSC		146
						↓ AMPAR and NMDAR	77
				↓ Apical dendritic spines, ↓ synapses			141
				↓ Synapses, ↓ dendritic spines			142
						↑ Hippocampal vGLUT1, GLT-1	151
			rTgTauEC	↓ Synaptic vesicles		↓ Synaptophysin, synapsin, spinophilin	149
					↑ Axonal excitability, ↓ PTP		150
		Tau 40 with P301S mutation	PS19 mice	↓ Hippocampal synapse	↓ LTP		138
				↓ Synapse density in CA3		↓ Glutamate levels in hippocampus and thalamus	139
			P301S Tau x YFP-H mice	↓ Spine density in cortical layer V			140
		Mutated Tau 43 K257T/P301S	DM-htau tg mice		↓ Maintenance of LTP in the dentate gyrus		155
		Tau 34 G272V/P301S mutation	THY-Tau22		↓ EPSP		153
		Tau 40 with deletion of K280	hTau40DK280	↓ Dendritic spines			157
				↓ Dendritic spines	↓ Hippocampal LTP	↓ AMPAR, NMDAR, synaptophysin	174
Deletion/ Truncated	Mice				↓ LTP	↓ Synaptophysin, NMDAR1, PSD-95, drebrin	156
		Δtau 244–372 with deletion of K280	RDTau (244-372) DK280		↓ LTP		160
						↓ Spinophillin	132
				↓ Synaptic vesicles density	↓ LTP of the mossy fiber tract		158
		Δtau aa1-255	Δtau74			↓ Dendritic targeting of Fyn kinase	37
	Rat	Δtau 3R aa151-391	SHR24	↓ Synaptic vesicle density, microtubule bundling in the presynapses		↓ Synaptophysin, neurofilament H and M, ↑ tubulin proteins	78

Legends: 2N, 2 inserts; 3R, 3 repeat; 4R, 4 repeat; DM, AMPAR, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors; Double mutation; LTP, Long-term potentiation; EC, Entorhinal cortex; sEPSP, Synaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials; GLT-1, Glutamate transporter 1 (ortholog of EAAT2); hTau, human tau; HFS, High frequency stimulation; NMDAR, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors; PS1, Presenilin 1; PP, Perforant path; PSD-95, Postsynaptic density protein 95; PTP, Post-tetanic potentiation; YFP, Yellow fluorescent protein; vGLUT, Vesicular glutamate transporter.