Table 3. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of gastrointestinal bleeding for each statin group during the observation period.
| Variables | Pravastatin group vs the others (n = 574) | Simvastatin group vs the others (n = 634) | Atorvastatin group vs the others (n = 1,432) | Rosuvastatin group vs the others (n = 732) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age | 1.045 (0.979–1.115) | 0.189 | 1.003 (0.943–1.067) | 0.920 | 1.041 (0.996–1.088) | 0.076 | 1.072 (0.994–1.157) | 0.072 |
| Male sex | 1.090 (0.329–3.605) | 0.889 | 1.398 (0.400–4.891) | 0.600 | 1.503 (0.673–3.356) | 0.321 | 0.839 (0.259–2.716) | 0.769 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 1.047 (0.710–1.542) | 0.818 | 1.126 (0.764–1.660) | 0.550 | 1.295 (1.047–1.601) | 0.017 | 1.143 (0.758–1.724) | 0.524 |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug exposure | 0.713 (0.087–5.875) | 0.753 | 1.090 (0.130–9.147) | 0.937 | 0.359 (0.048–2.681) | 0.318 | 1.266 (0.155–0.363) | 0.826 |
| Steroid exposure | 6.211 (0.661–58.342) | 0.110 | 2.108 (0.260–17.071) | 0.485 | 2.164 (0.285–16.422) | 0.456 | 1.882 (0.220–16.100) | 0.564 |
| Antiplatelet exposure | 1.804 (0.565–5.757) | 0.319 | 0.926 (0.273–3.142) | 0.902 | 1.505 (0.683–3.316) | 0.311 | 0.273 (0.079–0.941) | 0.040 |
| Proportion of time in the therapeutic range of warfarin | 1.161 (0.200–6.731) | 0.868 | 1.962 (0.340–11.314) | 0.451 | 1.262 (0.395–4.038) | 0.695 | 0.723 (0.116–4.508) | 0.729 |
| Warfarin prescription prior to statin prescription | 1.253 (0.393–3.997) | 0.703 | 0.849 (0.240–3.003) | 0.799 | 0.652 (0.273–1.559) | 0.336 | 0.431 (0.108–1.727) | 0.235 |
| Statin index | 0.262 (0.068–1.004) | 0.051 | 0.838 (0.255–2.757) | 0.771 | 1.238 (0.580–2.641) | 0.581 | 5.394 (1.168–24.916) | 0.031 |
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval