. 2016 Jul 7;11(7):e0157705. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157705

Table 5. Determinants of NCD risk factors among aged 18–69 years in the State of Punjab, 2014–2015.

		Current SmokersOR(95% CI)	Current DrinkersOR(95% CI)	Physical ActivityOR(95% CI)	Insufficient servingsOR(95% CI)	Raised Blood PressureOR(95% CI)	ObesityOR(95% CI)	Raised GlucoseOR(95% CI)	Raised CholesterolOR(95% CI)
Education	No formal Schooling	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
	Primary Education	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	0.6^* (0.5–0.8)	0.4^* (0.2–0.7)	1.1 (0.9–1.3)	1.6^* (1.2–2.0)	1.5^* (1.1–1.9)	1.9^* (1.4–2.8)
	Secondary Education	0.5^* (0.3–0.7)	0.6^* (0.5–0.9)	0.7^* (0.6–0.9)	0.3^* (0.2–0.7)	1.0 (0.8–1.2)	1.7^* (1.3–2.3)	1.2 (0.8–1.7)	2.2^* (1.5–3.3)
	Higher Education	0.3^* (0.2–0.4)	0.6^* (0.4–0.7)	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	0.2^* (0.1–0.4)	1.0 (0.8–1.2)	1.6^* (1.3–2.1)	1.5^* (1.1–1.9)	2.4^* (1.7–3.4)
Social Group	General	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
	Scheduled Caste	2.3^* (1.7–3.1)	1.1 (0.9–1.3)	0.7^* (0.6–0.9)	1.3 (0.9–1.8)	0.8 (0.7–1.0)	0.8^* (0.6–0.9)	1.0 (0.8–1.2)	0.8 (0.6–1.1)
	Other Backward	1.4 (0.9–2.0)	1.0 (0.8–1.3)	0.6^* (0.5–0.8)	1.0 (0.7–1.6)	0.8^* (0.7–1.0)	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	1.2 (0.9–1.6)	1.1 (0.8–1.5)
Gender	Men	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
	Women	0.0^* (0.0–0.1)	0.0^* (0.0–0.0)	0.8^* (0.6–1.0)	1.0 (0.7–1.5)	0.6^* (0.5–0.7)	1.2 (0.9–1.6)	0.9 (0.6–1.2)	1.4 (1.0–2.0)
Age group	18–44	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
	45–69	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	1.0 (0.9–1.2)	1.2 (1.0–1.4)	1.0 (0.7–1.4)	2.8^* (2.5–3.2)	1.4^* (1.2–1.7)	3.5^* (2.8–4.3)	2.1^* (1.6–2.6)
Marital Status	Currently married	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
	Never married	1.4 (1.0–1.9)	2.8^* (2.2–3.6)	1.3 (0.9–1.7)	1.0 (0.6–1.4)	2.1^* (1.8–2.6)	4.0^* (2.7–6.2)	3.0^* (1.9–5.0)	2.5^* (1.6–4.1)
	Divorced/ Widowed	1.3 (0.7–2.5)	3.4^* (2.1–5.5)	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	1.0 (0.7–1.4)	3.1^* (2.3–4.1)	4.5^* (2.7–7.4)	3.7^* (2.1–6.6)	3.1^* (1.7–5.6)
Residence	Rural	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
	Urban	1.7^* (1.3–2.2)	1.0 (0.8–1.2)	1.5^* (1.3–1.8)	0.7^* (0.5–1.0)	0.9 (0.8–1.1)	1.2^* (1.0–1.4)	1.2 (1.0–1.4)	1.0 (0.8–1.3)
Occupation	Home Maker	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
	Government Employee	5.3^* (1.7–17.1)	15.7^* (5.7–43.9)	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	0.3^* (0.2–0.7)	1.0 (0.7–1.5)	0.8 (0.5–1.3)	0.7 (0.4–1.1)	1.9 (1.1–3.1)
	Non-Govt. Employee	4.2^* (1.4–12.0)	17.0^* (6.5–44.9)	1.0 (0.7–1.5)	0.6^* (0.3–1.0)	0.8^* (0.6–1.0)	0.4^* (0.3–0.6)	0.5^* (0.3–0.7)	0.6^* (0.3–0.9)
	SelfEmployed	2.6 (0.9–7.7)	16.2^* (6.2–42.7)	1.1 (0.9–1.5)	0.7 (0.4–1.1)	1.1 (0.9–1.4)	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	0.6^* (0.4–0.9)	1.3 (0.9–2.0)
	Others	2.9 (0.9–8.7)	13.1^* (4.9–35.1)	1.1 (0.9–1.4)	0.5^* (0.3–0.8)	1.8 (0.8–1.3)	0.7 (0.5–1.0)	0.7 (0.5–1.1)	1.1(0.7–1.7)

*Significant Results: P value <0.05; OR = Odds Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval