Table 1.

Baseline characteristics and metabolic parameters of the study subjects.

Variable	Total	Male	Female
n	164	78	86
Age (years)	50.4 ± 13.6	50.6 ± 14.4	50.3 ± 12.9
BMI (kg/m2)	29.8 ± 6.7	28.3 ± 6.4	31.1 ± 6.7
WC (cm)	96.9 ± 15.5	94.3 ± 16.2	99.3 ± 14.5
VAT area (cm2)	102.6 ± 50.5	106.6 ± 51.1	98.7 ± 49.9
SAT area (cm2)	250.0 ± 117.3	219.8 ± 114.3	279.3 ± 113.3
SBP (mmHg)	134.9 ± 18.9	133.8 ± 17.7	135.9 ± 20.0
DBP (mmHg)	82.1 ± 12.0	81.6 ± 11.7	82.5 ± 12.4
FPG (mmol/L)	6.0 ± 1.8	6.2 ± 2.0	5.9 ± 1.7
HbA1c (%)	6.2 ± 1.2	6.1 ± 1.2	6.2 ± 1.2
IRI (pmol/L)	60.0 [33.6–105.3]	45.6 [31.2–82.2]	69.6 [40.8–121.2]
HOMA-IR	2.6 [1.4–5.4]	2.2 [1.2–4.0]	2.9 [1.6–6.3]
TG (mmol/L)	1.4 [0.9–2.1]	1.5 [0.9–2.3]	1.4 [1.0–2.0]
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.5 ± 0.4	1.3 ± 0.4	1.6 ± 0.4
LDL-C (mmol/L)	3.1 ± 0.8	2.9 ± 0.9	3.3 ± 0.6
AST (IU/L)	26.3 ± 12.6	27.6 ± 13.1	25.1 ± 11.9
ALT (IU/L)	33.3 ± 24.9	39.0 ± 29.2	28.2 ± 18.9
γGTP (IU/L)	47.5 ± 52.8	57.0 ± 63.1	39.5 ± 41.0
Leptin (ng/mL)	9.4 [4.3–18.7]	5.6 [3.0–9.8]	16.2 [8.8–24.7]
Adiponectin (μg/mL)	6.9 [4.7–9.1]	5.8 [4.4–8.3]	7.8 [5.4–9.9]
hsCRP (μg/mL)	0.8 [0.4–1.8]	0.7 [0.4–1.0]	0.8 [0.4–2.3]
THBS1 (μg/mL)	14.0 [7.8–19.7]	13.1 [8.0–17.5]	15.9 [6.4–21.7]

Data are shown as the mean ± SD or median and interquartile ranges. BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; IRI, immunoreactive insulin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; γ-GTP, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; THBS1, thrombospondin 1.