Table 2.
Clinical trials in ALS patients with agents/drugs showing antioxidant properties
| Antioxidant | Time point of antioxidant status determination from the beginning of therapy | Oxidative damage biomarker change | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin E (500 mg twice a day) with riluzole (100 mg/day) | 3 months | ↑GPx in plasma, ↓TBARS in plasma | [61] |
| Selegiline hydrochloride (5 mg twice a day p.o.) | 6 months | nd | [69] |
| Acetylcysteine (50 mg/kg/day s.c.) | 12 months | nd | [68] |
| Creatine (5 g twice a day p.o.) | 16 months | nd | [67] |
| Coenzyme Q10 (1,800 and 2,700 mg/day p.o.) | 9 months | nd | [66] |
| Edaravone (60 mg/day i.v.) | 2 weeks administration every 2 weeks, 6 replications | ↓3-NT in CSF | [64] |
| Melatonin (300 mg/day) per rectum | 4 months | ↓PC in serum | [70] |
↓ decrease, ↑ increase, nd not determined, 3-NT 3-nitrotyrosine, 8-OHG 8-hydroxyguanosine, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, GPx glutathione peroxidase, i.v. intravenously, p.o. per os, PC protein carbonyl, s.c. subcutaneous, TBARS thiobarbituric acid reactive substances