| Murphy et al. (2010) |
Case-control |
United Kingdom |
480 (224) |
64±11 |
63±13 |
<5353–72≥72 |
11.26 (0.75–2.11)1.20 (0.72–2.00) |
Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, energy intake, smoking status, education, occupation, alcohol, regular nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) use and Helicobacter pylori infection |
| Ibiebele et al. (2013) |
Case-control |
Australia |
857 (288) |
64±10 |
58±11 |
9–3737–4444–5253–165 |
11.08 (0.74–1.59)0.93 (0.62–1.38)1.15 (0.76–1.73) |
Adjusted for gender, age, education, body mass index (BMI), oesophageal reflux symptoms, lifetime alcoholic drink, total pack-years of smoking, NSAID use, supplement use and total energy |
| Steevens et al. (2010) |
Cohort |
Netherland |
7584 (64) |
55–69 |
55–69 |
≤49.849.9–55.255.3–61.3>61.3 |
11.13 (0.67–1.91)0.84 (0.48–1.49)0.76 (0.41–1.40) |
Adjusted for age, sex, cigarette smoking, frequency and duration, alcohol consumption and body mass index |
| O'Rorke et al. (2012) |
Case-control |
United Kingdom |
341 (125) |
64±10.3 |
63.6±12.7 |
≤61.461.5–74.6>74.6 |
11.03 (0.58–1.76)1.06 (0.49–2.27) |
Adjusted for age at interview, sex and smoking status (current, former and never) |
| Takata et al. (2012) |
Cohort |
U.S.A. |
361 (47) |
64.2±10.6 |
61.1±11.7 |
<126.3 (μg/l)126.3–143.8>143.8 |
11.67 (0.79–3.53)1.40 (0.65–3.02) |
Adjusted for age at time of blood draw, waist:hip ratio (quartiles) at baseline, sex, smoking status and NSAID use |
